Alf Smith letter 5 February 1918

 

Y.M.C.A

H.M. FORCES ON ACTIVE SERVICE

 

Feb 5th 18

 

My Dear Father

 

Here we are again back with the M.G.C. arrived yesterday afternoon you can bet it is a bit rough starting again but I expect I shall soon settle down.

Well how are you keeping merry & bright I hope.  I was thinking of you on Sunday & I expect you were wondering how far I had got on my journey.  It was very good of Peter & Charlie to come to the station with me I think it was the best way I caught the train easily, & had a good trip across the Channel.

I had a real good holiday could not have enjoyed myself better & I must thank you very much for all that you did for me especially for the trip to the Oxford it was grand & also for the money you gave me I have enough to carry on for a month or two now.  I have not spent anything since I have been back, Ciss packed me up with plenty of cakes & you can bet I just enjoyed the pie.  When did you go home from there?  They do everything that is possible to give you a good time it was impossible to do any more for me than they did I am sure they thought of everything.

You will be glad to hear I found the boys out for a rest, been out about a week we are not far from where I left them but we are going much further back in a day or two for about six weeks; it sounds too good to be true but I am looking forward to a good time.  They are sending some of the attached men back to their Battalions the Essex have not gone & I hope we shall not have to.

We are sleeping in huts on wire beds the feathers are very hard am not quite used to them yet.

Cannot think of any more news to tell you I shall be looking forward to hearing from you soon.

I hope you are still in the best of health; take care of yourself.  Glad to say I am A1.

Cheerio.  With much love from

From your devoted

Son

 

P.S. The razor goes fine much quicker than the old sort.  I think I shall have a run down the village to-night there are two cinema shows here not so bad eh!  What sort of weather are you having it is grand here almost like summer.

 

Postcard from A Smith 4 February 1918

Y.M.C.A Postcard Postmarked ARMY POST OFFICE 4. 4 Feb 18.  Censor cachet Passed by Censor 4394.

To Mr. T. Smith, 24, Palmerstone Rd., Bowes Park London N22 England

H.M. FORCES ON ACTIVE SERVICE

 

Sunday night

 

My dear Father

Arrived here this afternoon had a good trip expect to leave early tomorrow morning.  I had a grand time will write more later.  Cheerio  Alf

 

F. Springett Field Post Card 3 February 1918

FIELD SERVICE POST CARD

 

Mr S. K. Springett,

29 Bath Road,

Dartford

Kent England

 

Postmark

 

NOTHING is to be written on this side except the date and signature of the sender. Sentences not required may be erased. If anything else is added the post card will be destroyed.

 

I am quite well.

I have been admitted into hospital sick wounded and am going on well and hope to be discharged soon.

I am being sent down to the base.

I have received your letter dated telegram parcel

Letter follows at first opportunity

I have received no letter from you. Lately for a long time.

 

Signature only F.W. Springett

Date February 3rd 1918

 

 

 

War Diary of AA Laporte Payne 2 Feb 1918

War Diary of AA Laporte Payne 2 Feb 1918

 

EXTRACTED FROM.

 

Brigade Diary, Personal Diary, Operation Orders, Note Books, Memoranda

Correspondence

—————–

 

February 2, 1918. Rome.  Today we visited the Coliseum and other places in the vicinity.

 

Rome   Feb 2, 1918.

The Catacombe di Santa Domitilla                                                                 (CP)

War Diary of 9th Canadian Artillery Brigade January 1918

CONFIDENTIAL

 

War Diary of 9th CANADIAN ARTILLERY BRIGADE

 

From January 1st 1918 – To January 31st 1918

 

 

Place       Date    Hour                                                Summary of Events and Information

G.34.d.95.30.

1.1.18                       Visibility good, with considerable aerial activity on both sides.  Enemy carried out some long distance flights behind our lines during the morning.  Our planes also appeared to be active in his rear areas.  Our 18pdrs fired on movement at various times throughout the day.  The enemy is displaying an aggressive attitude on our right.  For several mornings in succession he has placed a barrage on the front trenches in that sector at 5.00AM.

 

2.1.18                        Poor visibility all day.  There was a certain amount of aerial activity during the morning and one hostile plane appeared to direct fire for hostile battery firing on LOOS.  At about 10.00A.M. seven E.A. patrolled over CITE ST AUGUSTE.  Two of our planes attacked these and brought one down in flames.  A certain amount of movement was again observed today and engaged by our 18pdrs.  the enemy artillery has been more active than usual and did considerable firing on LOOS.  At about 8.00 P.M. the enemy attacked one of our posts.  This attack was covered by a heavy bombardment of our support and communication trenches.  Our S.O.S. Signal went up and artillery responded immediately.  One of our men was killed; no other casualties were reported, and no identifications were obtained.

 

Place       Date    Hour                                              Summary of Events and Information

 

3.1.18                        Operation Order 130-2 was issued today slightly changing the boundaries of the Group Zone and putting the 66th Battery of the 5th C.D.A. which had previously been under the tactical control of this brigade, under the 10th Brigade C.F.A.  Visibility was good and planes were active on both sides.  Considerable sniping was again done by our 18-pdrs.  the enemy’s artillery attempted a certain amount of counter-battery work on our Field Batteries in the vicinity of LOOS CRASSIER and our Heavies in MAROC, practically no damage was done.

 

4.1.18                        Enemy planes particularly active both on forward and rear areas.  One plane appeared to [be] observing for a 5.9 battery firing on one of our Field Gun Positions in G.34.c.  His artillery was active throughout the day particularly on LOOS and in the vicinity of MAROC.  The 45th Battery position was heavily shelled for about two hours.  No casualties were inflicted on personnel or equipment, but several dugout entrances and tunnels were blown in.

 

5.1.18                        The enemy’s attitude was quiet all day.  During the afternoon his planes were fairly active and crossed our lines several times flying at a very low altitude.  His artillery fired considerably on LOOS, LOOS CRASSIER and the HULLUCH Road throughout the day.  Visibility was poor and very little information was obtainable from O.Ps.

 

6.1.18                        Operation Order No 132 issued today with details of raid to be carried out by the 4th C.M.R. Battalion at an early hour on the 7th instant.  The 9th Canadian Artillery Brigade will support the raid.  Additional support will also be provided by the HULLUCH GROUP which is on our left and the 10th Brigade C.F.A. which is on our right.  The visibility was poor all day and little information was obtained by O.P. and no targets of opportunity were engaged.  The enemy’s artillery was again active in the vicinity of LOOS and LOOS CRASSIER.  He fires a great many rounds in this area but as most of the men are in strong cellars and dugouts few casualties are effected.

 

Place       Date    Hour                                                Summary of Events and Information

 

7.1.18                        Visibility poor.  The enemy has been less active than usual today probably on account of the poor observation.  A few of his planes were up during the early morning but none crossed our lines.  His artillery fire was light and was chiefly against LOOS and the LENS-BETHUNE Road.  The raid by the 4th C.M.R. arranged to take place on the night of the 6th/7th was postponed.  The raiding party left our trenches at the time arranged and succeeded in getting into the enemy’s wire unobserved.  Their plan was to blow up this wire with a BANGALORE Torpedo and rush through and raid his Sap, returning through the gap blown in the wire.  The officer in charge of the raid found it impossible to set off the torpedo after having worked on it for over two hours and the raid had to be abandoned.

 

8.1.18                        Although the visibility was only fair a great deal of individual movement was observed both in the vicinity of his front trenches and in his rear areas.  Most of the men observed appeared to be wearing  packs, and it is thought that probably an enemy relief is taking place.  The enemy’s artillery was quiet during the night and most of the day.  His Trench Mortars did a certain amount of firing in the early morning.

 

9.1.18                        A large amount of enemy movement was again seen today and men seen appeared to be in marching order.  Our 18pdrs did considerable sniping and one or two hits were observed.  A black dog has been seen several times during the past few days at the southeast corner of BOIS DES DAMES, apparently going to and from dugouts which are suspected to be at this point.  It is probably an enemy messenger dog.  Enemy artillery fire has been normal and the heaviest shelling in the vicinity of LOOS.

 

10.1.18                      Operation Order No 133 was issued today with particulars of a raid to be carried out by the 2nd C.M.R. Battalion at an early hour 12.1.18.  Artillery support is to be provided by the 9th Brigade C.F.A. , with additional support from HULLUCH GROUP, the 91st H.A. Group and the 10th Brigade C.F.A. the purpose of the raid being to obtain prisoners, identification and to inflict casualties on the enemy.  The visibility was fair today and our 18pdrs did considerable sniping, dispersing many small targets and obtaining four observed hits.  The enemy’s artillery was a little more active than usual particularly in the vicinity of LOOS and its approaches.

 

Place       Date    Hour                                                Summary of Events and Information

 

11.1.18                      The visibility was poor all day except for a short interval in the morning.  During this period several small parties moving overland were observed and engaged by our 18pdrs.  The enemy’s artillery was active on our rear areas and in the vicinity of LOOS.  A good deal of smoke from enemy trains was observed most of which appeared between the SOCIETIE METALLURGIQUE and VENDIN-le-VIEIL.  Our Trench Mortars have been more active during the past few days than usual doing a good deal of counter-mortar work.  This has apparently been effective as hostile trench mortars have been doing less shelling.

 

12.1.18                      The 2nd C.M.R. Battalion raided the enemy’s trenches shortly after two a.m this morning obtaining two prisoners and inflicting a number of casualties on the enemy; in all, 15 enemy dead were reported to have been seen.  The Infantry state that our Artillery barrage was very satisfactory and that they only had two slight casualties among their men.  A report is attached herewith in connection with this raid by Lieut A.D. MASON, Liaison Officer at LEFT Battalion 2nd C.M.R. (Not with this archive).  The visibility was good all day and several targets of opportunity were fired on by our 18pdrs with good results.  Both the enemy’s and our aeroplanes were very active all day.  The enemy’s artillery was quiet and his retaliation to our barrage in support of the raid this morning was light and scattered.

 

13.1.18                      The enemy’s attitude was quiet today.  During the night 12/13th he appeared nervous and used a great many flares.  His Machine Guns were also quite active throughout the hours of darkness.  There was considerable aerial activity throughout the day and enemy planes crossed our lines on one or two occasions.  Enemy movement was below normal.  A few targets were engaged by our 18pdrs.

 

14.1.18                      The visibility was poor all day and there has been little activity on either side.  One working party was fired on successfully by our 18dprs.  The enemy’s artillery fire was light, his chief shelling being in the vicinity of the 31st and the 66th Batteries.  Operational Order No 134 in connection with a raid to be made by the 5th C.M.R. Battalion, was issued today.

 

Place       Date    Hour                                              Summary of Events and Information

 

15.1.18                      Visibility was poor all day and very little information was obtained by O.Ps.  the 5th C.M.R. Battalion carried out a successful raid last night against the enemy trenches securing prisoners and inflicting a number of casualties.  This raid was accomplished in a remarkably short time and all ranks engaged in the raid got back to our trenches practically uninjured.  The infantry report the Artillery Support as having been splendid.  The enemy’s artillery has been quiet today, his Trench Mortars doing most of the firing.  In response to our barrage in support of last night’s raid, his retaliation was slow and light.

 

16.1.18                      Operation Order Number 135 was issued today.  According to this order the 3rd Canadian Divisional Artillery will probably be relieved and go into rest at an early date.  While at rest the 3rd C.D.A. are to be held as Army Reserve and be ready to move at 12 hours notice to whatever Sector of the line they may be required.  Visibility was good at intervals today and our 18pdrs fired on several movement targets.

The enemy’s artillery was very quiet all day.

 

17.1.18                        The visibility was very poor all day and both ourselves and the enemy quiet.  His artillery did little firing and what was done was all on rear areas.  During the night 16th/17th inst he appeared nervous and fired a great many flares.

 

18.1.18                      Operation Order No 136 was issued today detailing an artillery barrage to be put on by this brigade on the morning of the 19th instant in conjunction with the 3rd Canadian Divisional Trench Mortar Brigade.  Both the enemy’s and our planes were active throughout the day, his planes crossing our lines on two or three occasions.  More than usual movement was seen most of which was engaged by our field guns.  His artillery was quieter than usual in the forward area but was more active in the vicinity of LOOS and the DOUBLE CRASSIER.  The 36th Battery came in for a good deal of the shelling of this area.

 

Place       Date    Hour                                                Summary of Events and Information

 

19.1.18                      Operation Order No 137 was issued today re-arranging the zones of the batteries of this brigade.  The visibility was good and aeroplanes were active on both sides.  A good deal of enemy movement was seen and engaged by our 18pdrs.  his artillery was active chiefly in the form of concentrated shoots in the vicinity of our battery positions.  A concentrated Trench Mortar bombardment was put on today by the 3rd Canadian Divisional Trench Mortar brigade assisted by the batteries of the 10th and 9th Brigades C.F.A.  This bombardment appeared to do a good deal of damage to enemy trenches and fortifications.  The enemy’s retaliation to this shoot was weak and did not open until 19 minutes after our bombardment started.

 

20.1.18                      Operation Order No 138 with particulars of the relief of the 3rd Canadian Divisional Artillery by the 1st Canadian Divisional Artillery was issued today.  This relief is to take place on the 22nd and 23rd instants.  On completion of the relief the 3rd Canadian Divisional Artillery are to be quartered in the BRUAY Area and are to be held as an Army Reserve ready to move at 12 hours notice into any part of the line required.  The visibility was good and numerous targets of opportunity were engaged by our field guns.  The enemy’s artillery fire was normal.

 

21.1.18                      Visibility was good and planes were active on both sides.  The usual amount of enemy movement was again seen and fired on by our batteries with good results.  Hostile artillery was a little more active than previously particularly on our forward trenches.  During the afternoon the enemy placed a dense smoke screen in front of HARNES and COURRIERS apparently to conceal the firing of a battery or the movement of transport in that vicinity.

 

22.1.18                      One section of each of the batteries of this Brigade was relieved by sections of the 5th, 6th, 7th and 48th Batteries of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Canadian Divisional Artillery.  Guns were taken over as they stood, our sections taking over guns from the 2nd Brigade Batteries at the Wagon Lines.  Considerable aerial activity took place on both sides.  Less enemy movement than usual was observed and the enemy’s artillery was quiet.  Owing to poor visibility very little information as to enemy movement in rear areas was obtained.

 

Place       Date    Hour                                                Summary of Events and Information

 

23.1.18                      The relief of this Brigade by the 2nd Brigade C.F.A. was completed this evening.  The Wagon Lines of the Brigade moved from NOEUX-les-MINES to the wagon lines previously occupied by the 2nd Brigade at HALLICOURT, BRUAY area.  The C.R.A. inspected the brigade as it moved off from NOEUX-les-MINES and was apparently pleased with the appearance of the turnout.  The horses of the 33rd Battery looked particularly well.  Lieut. Col. Anderson, the Commanding Officer of the 2nd Brigade C.F.A. was very pleased with the condition of the lines taken over from this Unit, particularly that of Brigade Headquarters.  Both officers and men of this brigade were sorry to move out of the line as both the battery positions and wagon lines were comfortable and the area to which they are moving has poor facilities for a mounted unit.

HALLICOURT

24.1.18 to 27.1.18     Batteries busy erecting stables and cleaning up lines and billets which were left in a dirty condition by the previous occupants.  As there is considerable mange among the horses of certain units in the Corps batteries are clipping all horses and taking every precaution to prevent the disease in this unit. Stables are being built by the 31st, 33rd and 36th Batteries.  With this work in hand not much time has been available for training since arrival in this area.  The weather has been mild and fair and a great deal of work has been accomplished by all batteries since arriving here.

 

28.1.18 to 31.1.18     Weather fair and very mild.  Batteries continuing with mange precautions and construction of stables and horse lines.  Syllabus of Training including gun laying and gun drill, signalling with buzzer, lamp and flag, and driving and riding drill has been carried out.  Nights have been clear and very bright and the enemy has bombed surrounding area each night.  No great damage has yet been reported.

 

 

 

Major

A/C.O. 9th Canadian Artillery Brigade

 

 

 

 

WAR DIARY of 20 Siege Battery January 1918

WAR DIARY of 20 Siege Battery

 

For January 1918

 

Place       Date    Hour                                                Summary of Events and Information

 

In the field

GORRE       Jan 1st.               Battery in occupation 8” Battery position in farm E of village (4 guns), 2 guns forming a silent section on LA BASSEE Canal 1 mile E of BETHUNE.

Officers on strength of Battery 1st Jan

Capt (A/Major) LGRFH BELL (Reg) absent on BC’s course & leave in England till 24.1.18

Lt. (A/Capt) JC THOMPSON (SR)

2/Lt. E.B. LOACH (SR)

2/Lt. H. MACKAY (SR)

2/Lt. F.W. DAVIS (SR)

2/Lt.C.H. BATEMAN (SR)

2/Lt. W.H. CHAPMAN (SR)

2/Lt. B.W. TURNBULL (SR)

2/Lt. A.E. COCKFIELD (SR)

2/Lt. K. DOWNEY (SR)

 

Jan 3rd              1 Bdr killed & 4 Gunners wounded by hostile shellfire (8) (Bdr Makin)

Jan 7th              Battery moved to LA MIQUELLERIE, near BUSNES.  Guns left in position.  300 *** destroyed by hostile shellfire.

Jan 16th            Personnel of Battery inspected by G.O.C. I Army.

Jan 24th            Major Bell rejoined from leave to UK.

Jan 31st            Battery returned from rest to former position in line.

In the field

GORRE                                 Tactical

During first week of January 500 rounds fired on 3 hostile Batteries with aeroplane observation. No other firing apart from registration.

Honours & Awards

No 276082 Sergt WILMER H. awarded D.C.M. in New Years’ Honour GAZETTE.

War Diary of 2/6th Sherwood Foresters January 1918

War Diary of 2/6th Sherwood Foresters

 

For January 1918

 

 

Place       Date    Hour                                                Summary of Events and Information

 

Fighting Strength 27 Officers  729 O.R.s

MAGNICOURT-SUR-CANCHE

H.10.d. (Sheet 51c) 1/1/18 to 31/1/18           Battalion in Rest.  Brigade, Battalion & Company training carried out, also training of Additional Specialists.

12/1/18                                      Inspection by G.O.C. 59th Division, as follows.

9.30.am.                 A Coy

10.20 am.                 B Coy

11.10 am.                 C Coy

12.0 noon                 D Coy

12.50 pm.                 Transport

20/12/18   11.0 am.                   Presentation of M Medal Ribbons by G.O.C. 59th Division to the following:-

241612 Pte Else W.S.B.

241765 L. Sgt Palmer A.

22/1/18  10.0 am.                      Battalion Tactical Exercise.

29/1/18  9.0 am.                        Letter A Coy moved into Billets at MONTS-EN-TERNOIS, B.26.c (51c)

Draft of 5 Offs & 143 O.R.s arrived from 2/8th S.F.

30/1/18                                       Fighting Strength  52 Offs 936 O.R.s.

 

FEBRUARY 1918

 

FEBRUARY 1918

Western Front

Owing to reduced daylight and the need to stay alive against winter conditions in the trenches,

all was quiet on the Western Front.

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Eastern Front

The Battle of Rarancza was fought between Polish Legionnairess and Austro-Hungary, from 15th to 16th February 1918, near Rarancza in Bukovina, the present day border between Poland and the Ukraine, and ended with a Polish victory. The Brest-Litovsk Treaty, which was being negotiated did not appear to benefit the idea of a nation state for Poland. This treaty, signed between the Central Powers and the Ukrainian People’s Republic on 9th February 1918, transferred the province of Chelm, which the Poles believed should be under Polish control, to the Ukrainian state. The Polish forces, part of the Austro-Hungarian Army stationed on the border of Bessarabia, were increasingly restless. Having received the information about the treaty on 12th February 1918, and expecting further weakening of the Polish units, they decided on the 24th February 1918 to join forces with the Polish First Army Corps in Russia by crossing the Austro-Hungarian front lines. Polish units, mostly 2nd and 3rd Regiment under the command of Jőzef Haller de Hallenburg, attempted to break through the Austrian lines on 15th to 16th February 1918. Austrian forces were ordered to stop them, and fighting ensued in several places but the main Polish units broke through the Austro-Hungarian Army near Rarancza and the Legionnaires won the battle.

………………..

Operation Faustschlag was a Central Powers offensive against Bolshevik Russia and began on the 18th February 1918 when the temporary armistice between Germany and Russia lapsed. It was the last offensive of the Eastern Front. Russian forces were unable to put up any serious resistance due to the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and subsequent Civil War. The armies of the Central Powers therefore captured huge territories in the Balkans, Belarus and Ukraine. The German Chief of Staff, General Max Hoffman, signed a peace treaty with the Ukrainian People’s Republic on the 9th February 1918 and announced an end to the cease-fire with Russia, leading to the resumption of hostilities. On the 18th February 1918, the German and Austro-Hungarian forces began a major three pronged offensive. Their northern army advanced from Pskov towards Narva, the central army pushed toward Smolensk and the southern army towards Kiev. The northern army captured the key Daugavpils junction on the first day. This was soon followed by the capture of Pskov and securing Narva on the 28th February 1918, the central army advanced towards Smolensk. On the 21st February 1918, Minsk was captured together the headquarters of the Russian Soviet Western Army Group. The southern forces broke through the remains of the Russian Southwestern Army Group, capturing Zhitomir on the 24th February 1918. The Germans captured the Russian town of Pskov on the 28th February 1918. The Germans secured Kiev the capital of Ukraine on the 2nd March 1918. The Central Power’s armies advanced over 150 miles (249 km) within a week, facing no serious resistance. German troops were now within 100 miles (160 km) of Petrograd, forcing the Soviets to transfer their capital to Moscow. The rapid advance occurred because German soldiers used Russian railways to advance eastward.

…………………..

The Germans landed on the mainland of Estonia on 18th February 1918 and marched into Haapsahu on 21st February 1918. They occupied Valga on 22nd February 1918, Pernau, Valjandi, Tartu on 24th February 1918, Tallinin and the rest of Estonia was occupied on the 25th February 1918.  The last town in Estonia to be taken was Narva on the 4th March 1918.

………………….

On the 10th February 1918, Leon Trotsky, the People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs, withdrew from the peace negotiations of the Brest-Litovsk Conference. His withdrawal was on the grounds that the German imperial ambitions were for territorial gains and repatriations. The Russian Soviet hoped to proclaim a revolutionary war against Germany in order to inspire Russian and European workers to fight for socialism. This opinion was shared by Left Socialist Revolutionaries, who then were the Bolshevik’s junior partners in a coalition government. Germany responded to the Russian withdrawal from the talks by no longer observing the temporary ceasefire and on the 18th February 1918 resumed military operations. When the Red Army was formed in January 1918, its weaknesses were soon apparent. It had insufficient men and knowledgeable officers to continue the war against Germany. Questioning whether Germany was in a position to fight on because of German civil unrest, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik government, had hoped for a speedy Soviet revolution in Germany and other parts of Europe. He quickly decided that the imperial government of Germany was still firmly in control and that, without a strong Russian military, an armed conflict with Germany would lead to the collapse of the Soviet government in Russia. If faced with a German ultimatum, Lenin advocated signing a separate peace treaty. On the other hand Trotsky was dead set against any peace treaty arguing that the olunteer Red Army had successes against Polish forces, Russian White forces in the Don region and Ukrainian forces as proof that the Red Army could repel German forces. Trotsky’s position was between these two Bolshevik factions. Like Lenin, he admitted that the old inherited Russian military was unable to fight. But he agreed with the Left Communists that a separate peace treaty with an imperialist power would be a terrible morale blow to the Soviet government, wiping out all its military and political successes of 1917 and 1918. When Germany resumed military operations on the 18th February 1918, it became clear, within a day that the German army was capable of conducting offensive operations and the Red Army detachments were no match for it. In the evening of the 18th February 1918, Trotsky and his supporters abstained from the debate and Lenin’s proposal was accepted. The Soviet government sent a message to the Germans accepting the final Brest-Litovsk peace terms. The Germans did not respond until the 24th February 1918, but the terms were so harsh that even Lenin thought that Russia had no choice but to fight on. But in the end, the committee again voted on the 24th February 1918 to accept German peace terms. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on the 3rd March 1918, removing Russia from the Great War.

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The Balkans

In the Balkans, Romania was allied to Russia, Britain and France against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria and Turkey. When Russia withdrew from the war after the October Revolution, Romania was almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers. Romania was forced into negotiating an armistice, and on the 6th February 1918 Germany’s ultimatum made their negotiations complicated owing to the territorial demands of the Central Powers. By the 27th February 1918 Romania accepted the German ultimatum regarding the peace terms, which was signed on the 7th May 1918 under the Treaty of Bucharest.

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Middle East

The British began their assault to secure Jericho on the 19th February 1918. Having captured Jerusalem in December 1917, winter rains put an end to campaigning, and this lull in the fighting offered the opportunity for the captured territories to be consolidated. General Sir Edmund Allenby, commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) planned to capture the territory east of Jerusalem stretching to the Dead Sea. The Jordan Valley to the east of Jerusalem was Allenby’s exposed right flank and the area was garrisoned by Turkish troops entrenched on the hill tops. On the 20th February 1918, three infantry columns advanced. The column in the centre, captured their objective on the main Jerusalem to Jericho road. On the left, the 181st Brigade was only able to advance 2.5 miles (4 km) to be about halfway to The Mount of Temptation by nightfall. On the right, the 179th Brigade column marched towards the south of Jericho, but arrived too late for the attack. By 08.15 the advanced trenches had been captured, and the British forces had fought their way up to the summit of the hill. At 10.00 the British infantry captured the dominating position on the Jerusalem-Jericho road, but a strong counter-attack drove them off. The summit was finally secured at about 12.30 when heavy artillery helped the desperate attackers to capture their objective. Meanwhile, at 03.30 the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade led the Australian 1st Light Horse Brigade on their advance to El Muntar. The advance guard moved from Bethlehem along the ancient road to the valley near El Muntar hill, followed by their brigade and 1st Light Horse Brigade. They zig-zagged three miles (4.8 km) down to the valley floor while Turkish soldiers on the height of El Muntar watched their approach. Because of the terrain it was hours before the long column could deploy for the attack. By 06.00 all the New Zealand Mounted rifles were in the valley. They attacked Turkish positions astride the Mar Saba-Jericho road and by 14.00 they had occupied all their positions forcing the Turkish defenders to fall back to Nebi Musa. But Nebi Musa was strongly held by the Turkish soldiers supported by artillery, which made it impossible to move on, and the attack was postponed until the next day. Meanwhile, at dusk, the Australian Light Horse brigade began its descent. They moved down a goat track which fell 1,300 feet (400 km) in two miles (3.2 km) to get into position to attack Nebi Musa from the rear. The journey was successfully completed by midnight. On the 21st February 1918, under cover of darkness, the New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigade advanced north along a very rough track and by daylight was just east of the Nebi Musa position. They made a dismounted attack while the British infantry attacked Nebi Musa from the rear. The Mounted Rifles Regiment occupied Nebi Musa at daylight to find the Turkish garrison had withdrawn with their guns. When the 1st Light Horse Brigade reached the floor of the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea, it turned north towards Jericho. A single troop of the 3rd Light Horse Regiment entered Jericho at about 08.00 to find the Turkish garrison had withdrawn.

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Other Theatres

On the 1st February 1918, in the Austro-Hungarian navy, an unsuccessful mutiny started in the Fifth Fleet division at the Bay of Cattaro their naval base in the Adriatic Sea. As the Great War progressed, the effects of wartime economics and social disorganisation undermined the discipline of Austro-Hungarian soldiers and sailors. Hunger, cold and naval inaction resulted in complaints, desertions and strikes. The Russian Revolution had fuelled revolutionary propaganda in Austro-Hungary, which spread among soldiers and workers. Sailors on about forty ships had joined the mutiny, and initial demands for better treatment were soon replaced by political demands and a call for peace. The mutiny failed to spread to other ships. On 3rd February 1918, the loyal Third Fleet arrived and together with coastal artillery engaged in a short and successful skirmish against the mutineers. About 800 sailors were imprisoned, dozens were court-martialled and four seamen were executed.

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Timetable February 1918

Timetable February 1918

Eastern Front

1st Feb                               Mutiny in Austrian navy at Cattaro on the Eastern Front

9th Feb                                 The Central Powers sign protective treaty with Ukraine

21st Feb                               Germans capture Minsk

24th Feb                               Germans capture Zhytomir

28th Feb                               Germans capture Pskov and Narva

………………

25th Feb                               German troops land on and capture Estonia

………………

10th Feb                               Trotsky quits Brest-Litovsk peace talks

24th Feb                               Russian Soviet accept German terms

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The Balkans

6th Feb                                  Germany’s ultimatum to Romania over peace talks

27th Feb                               Romanian acceptance of German ultimatum on peace talks

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Middle East

Feb to Sept                        Allied forces occupy the Jordan Rift Valley

9th Feb                             British begin their assault on Jericho

21st Feb                              The British capture Jericho

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Other Theatres

15/16th Feb                         Battle of Rarancza

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War Diary of AA Laporte Payne Jan 1918

 

 

EXTRACTED FROM.

 

Brigade Diary, Personal Diary, Operation Orders, Note Books, Memoranda

Correspondence

—————–

 

January 2 1918

B.E.F. Italy

 

I have just received an enormous and beautifully packed box of delicious eatables. The contents enabled us suitably to celebrate the New Year.  They also helped us to escape an embarrassing difficulty in providing for an unexpected guest, who arrived twenty-four hours before he was invited to dinner, due to his mistake, and when our larder was sadly diminished.  The timely arrival of the parcel turned the horrible possibility of a dismal failure to provide suitable hospitality into a great success of triumphant courses of tinned chicken and fruits.  The relief to the Mess President and Secretary enabled them to enjoy a very merry evening.  The excellent cake and cigarettes were also a god-send.

 

It is very cold here now, and many are sick. And the Colonel is not in a good temper.  He has some one worrying him.

 

There is more news about us in the papers now. It amuses me the way our authorities pretend the Boche does not know all about us.

 

Our battery organised an officers’ jumping competition the other day open to all comers. It was won by one of our battery’s subalterns on a mare that won at Aldershot, and an Infantry Captain on his own hunter was second.  My bay mare knocked her knee against the top bar of one of the jumps and now has a fat leg.

 

Some one said “If this is war, to hell with peace”. But I, being an Asquithian, replied “Wait and see.”  The relief from Flanders inclines some of us to be unduly optimistic.  I do not know which is worse to be drowned in mud or to be frozen to an icicle.  Fighting is common to both places but here, at present, in a modified degree.

 

R.P. January 6 1918.

 

We are at present living in the midst of snow, and it is mighty cold. I had no idea the plains of Italy could be so cold, even in the north.

 

The Commander-in-Chief was to have inspected us yesterday, but as it snowed so hard he did not turn up. But the whole wretched battery turned out with the rest of the Brigade.  The men and horses looked well, and it was a great pity he did not turn up.

 

I have lost two good horses this week owing to kicks, one with a broken leg and another with a fractured jaw. It is most unfortunate.

 

Leave from Italy has started, but at the rate it is going I may get my turn on the list within – don’t get excited – the next seven years!

 

I am glad to say that the Colonel has at last got a well earned and much too long delayed honour, a D.S.O. But unfortunately for him he is never very popular with the staff.

 

January 9 1918

Italian Expeditionary Force.

 

I have just been inoculated with a full dose of anti-typhoid, and ordered to bed in two hours time.

 

At the moment it is snowing hard, and this has ruined an inspection, which was to have taken place by General Plumer, who did not turn up. The battery looked better than I have ever seen it, so you can imagine how hard the limber gunners and drivers had worked.  Even the Battery staff, often called the “Comics”, the signallers, director-men, range-takers, and such like turned up quite presentable.

 

The other day two of our subalterns, one we call Harry Tate and the other his “Idiot Boy”, were asked to dine with the R.A.M.C. Officers of the Italian Hospital here.  They had quite a good dinner!!  The day before one of our horses got its leg broken by a kick and had to be shot.  I immediately received a request from the village butcher, who wanted to buy the carcase.  I let him have it, and immediately the village shops were full of meat.  He must have made a good profit.  It appears that the Italian mess cook bought some of the delicacy, and our two officers had the unexpected pleasure of dining off one of their own battery wheelers!  They said it was quite good.  Thank goodness I did not go; but probably I have often eaten horse or mule unbeknownst in Italian restaurants.  What a tragic end for a war horse, truly an economic one.  He more than did his bit, he furnished one.

 

I may be able to get Italian leave soon. I much want to go to Rome and Naples.  English leave has been opened; but at the rate it is going my turn will come in seven year’s time.

 

There is a good article in this month’s “Blackwood” called “The Brain of the Guns.” I do not know who “Anthony Price” is.

 

R.P. January 15 1918.

 

The “Times” is most welcome. Though they arrive in lumps they are none the less interesting to read for that.

 

The snow has turned to rain today, but it will freeze again tonight, so the roads will be slippery tomorrow.

 

Thank you for the book on Pompeii.  I have already read about 200 pages.  The Colonel has obtained special leave to England.  Unfortunately I cannot get leave to England, but I hope to be going to Naples and Rome with two others on the 19th or 20th of this month.

 

We have been out all day in the rain, and have done very little good, so we have returned a little weary and ill tempered.

 

January 15 1918

 

We have come to the end of a perfect day. It has turned to a very cold rain now after heavy snow, and we have been out in it all day and have done no good.  We are weary wet and not in the best of tempers.

 

The Colonel has gone away on special leave to England.  Unfortunately I cannot get that, not being a colonel; but I hope to be going to Naples and Rome on the 19th or 20th. for a few days.  Three of us are going together.  I am trying to find time to read up something, and at present am wading through a tome on Pompeii, sent to me by my Father.

 

It is about time I had a few days off, I am getting a bit stale and off colour.

 

We have had great difficulty in keeping the horses on their feet in this weather. After today’s rain I suppose it will freeze again tonight and the roads will be horribly slippery tomorrow.

 

January 22 1918

 

The parcel of cigarettes, China tea, and cake arrived.  The tea was much too good to be duly appreciated except by superior souls of whom our mess contains too few, so I invited Capt. Bell and Amour to tea to partake, and they together with the Doctor and myself thoroughly enjoyed a flavour rare on active service.

 

Our leave has been stopped for a few days, but we hope to go in three days. At the present moment we are on the trek again but it will not be for long.

 

The weather had changed and the frost and snow have gone. Today it was quite like spring, and instead of ice we have mud again.

 

Captain Bell is the man in “B” Battery, who is keen on history. He is extraordinarily ugly, very thin, and irresponsible – But most amusing and a delightful fellow.  He wears an eyeglass on occasion, and does his hair in the Magdalen style.  The other day I happened to be in a large town near here with Gilbey, O.C., B.A.C., and met him.  Upon my enquiries as to what interesting places he had seen, he replied that he had just visited an enormous church, the largest he had ever seen, that it was full of the most beautiful statues of Madonnas, but that he had not the slightest idea where it was.  From this information I gathered that, escaping from military restraint, he had lunched well but not wisely.

 

What do you think of Haig’s despatch? He appears to be annoyed with the Army Council and the French for altering his plans, and with the weather for hindering what he did attempt.  The Boche has had all the luck this year. Russia has gone out for good; much good may it bring her!  We may be able to do something this year, if only we can get the men.  I am glad to see that Geddes has at last quite definitely put the alternative to the country: either the shirkers must be compelled, or else the fathers of families and leave stopped for us.

 

There is an officer here who irritates me intensely. He is a mannerless north-country liberal non-conformist of hypocritical habits, who worships his tin god, Lloyd George.  He harangues us about “Democracy”, whatever that may mean.  I asked him one night what he meant by the word, and to define it in an intelligible manner.  He was annoyed.  Why do such people get annoyed when asked such a question?  I suggested that democracy meant running a battery by a commander appointed by a committee of drivers, (you should know what the mentality of the average driver is!) when no doubt he would be appointed, and a vote would be carried for no early morning stables and five bob an hour.  Oh! he was angry.  He is not liked by the men, and is very sore that he was not made a captain.  He now sulks.  The loss of his captaincy occurred in this way.  I was appointed, and have been major for the last three months until the unexpected return of the original Major, Meuse, a few days ago, when I returned to the rank of captain and he to that of subaltern.  He rebelled for a long time, and refused to take his “pips” down.  This will explain what will appear in the Gazette shortly, my appointment as Battery Commander; but it will be followed later by a notice terminating it.

 

January 22 1918

 

The weather has completely changed, and instead of frost and snow it was quite like spring today.

 

We are on the move again.

 

Haig seems to be a bit rattled. From his despatch he seems to be very angry with the Army Council and the French for altering his plans, and certainly the weather was a bit trying.

 

For the past four months I have been a Battery Commander and acting major, but the original B.C. has unexpectedly returned from England a few days ago.  Fearing that I should probably lose the battery I had not told you of my promotion.  This will explain to you what you will see in the Gazette in a few days, but this will be followed by a cancellation.  “C’est la guerre!

 

R.P. Post Cards.

January 30, 1918. Naples.  We have done Pompeii and Vesuvius.

 

February 2, 1918. Rome.  Today we visited the Coliseum and other places in the vicinity.

 

Post Cards.

Jan 30 1918.

Naples

The weather is glorious. We have had a day in Naples, one in Pompeii, and one on Vesuvius.                                                                                                       (CP)