Welcome to The Bay Museum Website

The Bay Museum is a friendly museum situated on Canvey Island. Based in a degaussing station, it now offers a wealth of artefacts, books and displays focusing on both local and world military history focused on the First and Second World Wars. Open from 10am till mid-afternoon on Sundays, the museum is run by our volunteers who always warmly welcome visitors and are willing to impart their knowledge. They can also help you research your own family military histories and have extensive experience of visiting battlefields and cemeteries. Our website contains information about visiting the museum as well as archiving wartime records that we regularly transcribe online.


THE BAY MUSEUM AND RESEARCH FACILITY

CHARITY NUMBER 1204193

TRUSTEES

CHAIRMAN: D. THORNDIKE  VICE CHAIRS: J. HARRIS & A. REED  SECRETARY: G. BAKER  TREASURER: M. DANIELL


Click to explore the museum 360°

Winter closing of the Bay Museum.

The Bay Museum Committee has decided that, with immediate effect, the Bay Museum will be closed for the months of October, November, December, January and February apart from the first Sunday in each of those months and will reopen on the first Sunday of March.  The Bay Museum will be open every Sunday of the other seven months.  This year the museum will reopen on the 1st March 2026.

Letter from Peter C. Benham to his mother.

Major P.C. Benham,

G Branch

HQ 1 Corps District

BAOR

Sunday 3rd February

From The Hague.

My dearest Maz

I know you will excuse this short note from here, but my time is not my own except for the odd hour in the morning but I go back tomorrow to Iserlohn and will write at length as soon as I return.  We are an extremely cheery little party – 15 of us and we forgathered on Wednesday evening ay HQ BAOR.  They gave us 5 staff cars and all Thursday was spent travelling – through Osnabruck, Enschede, Zutphen, Apeldoorn (I shall stop and see John tomorrow) and Utrecht – we got here at 5.30 pm – the Hotel, our HQ, is very comfortable.  On Friday afternoon we played Leiden University and beat them 4-1 afterwards a big dinner and many speeches, and as I am Captain of the team, I had to do my stuff!  Yesterday we played the Probable Dutch XI (it was a Trial game for them) and their training and fitness were too much for us and we lost 6-2 – they were extremely good.  Afterwards (we played at Amsterdam) we were given a terrific dinner by the Dutch Hockey Asn!! (more speeches) with Union Jacks all over the place.  I wasn’t up ‘til 10 am and we play our final game this afternoon v Batavarien which is a travelling club of ex-internationals.  It is all great fun and a wonderful change from work!  You will have heard from Eileen that they have given me a M.B.E. – it is very gratifying and something to show for the last 18 months sIog – Maz dear I must away until Tuesday when I will write more fully – much love to you and to Pari and Elli.

            Yours as ever,

very affectionately

                        Peter  (only next month now!)

Letter Form headed ‘O A S’ addressed to Mrs Gerald C Benham, 5 Oxford Road Colchester Essex.

Postmarked FIELD POST OFFICE 376 dated 4 FE 46.  Signed P.C. Benham.     

On front of envelope Written Feb 3rd 1946 rec Feb 5th 1946 (6)

Letter from Peter C. Benham to his wife.

D -39

Chad picture with ‘Wot! NOT 30s ALREADY?

Major P.C. Benham,

G Branch

HQ 1 Corps District

BAOR

Sunday 3rd  February

12.30

My own most precious angel,

I’m afraid this will be rather a short ‘un as I was up very late this morning, and have shortly to go down and join the rest of ‘les boys’ in a pre-lunch glass of beer.  It’s another filthy looking day, low grey cloud and pouring with rain, it may clear though before we play our final game at 3 pm against a team which I hope won’t be quite so strong as yesterdays.  We left here at 2 ocl and were at Amsterdam at 2.45.  There were some 2-300 spectators and the arena was well bedecked with Union Jacks etc.  The first 15 minutes were absolutely disastrous and the Dutch XI just walked through us to score 4 quick goals – thereafter we pulled back and they beat us 6-2 in the end, a result which everyone expected.  We had a wonderful dinner at the Hotel Victoria given by the Dutch Hockey Assn, union jacks on the table etc, and the menu was, hors d’ oeuvres, soup, steak and veg, ice pudding wine and cigars – several girls were ‘imported’, mostly unattractive and 3 of us left early and went to a sort of night-club by our hotel here were we had a few drinks and so to bed.  I read for quite a bit and was asleep by 1 ocl – this morning I had tea and toast in bed and wasn’t up until 10.30!  A lot of them are staying here tomorrow, the chief attraction being a dance in the evening but as 2 others have to go back tomorrow, I shall go with them.  I’m just longing to get back to that pile of letters which I hope to find and whatever time I get back to Iserlohn I shall make a bee-line for the office.  Darling, this is a miserable letter but it comes to you just to let you know that I’m thinking just of you and loving you terribly, terribly much, the more I see of night-clubs and this that and t’other so much the more do I long for the time when you will be with me always.  God bless you, dearest heart, and keep you always – I love you so very much and will always be yours for ever

                        Peter

In envelope headed ‘O A S’ addressed to Mrs Peter C Benham, 9 Vint Crescent Colchester Essex.

Postmarked FIELD POST OFFICE 375 dated 5 FE 46.  Signed P.C. Benham.     

On front of envelope 3 Feb.

Letter from Peter C. Benham to his wife.

D -40

Major P.C. Benham,

G Branch

HQ 1 Corps District

BAOR

Saturday 2nd February

11.30 pm.

My own most precious darling,

Yesterday started just like our Sunday in Brussels, pouring rain, low grey sky and a high wind – by lunch-time it had cleared a bit and by 3 ocl when the game started the sun was out!  I had a look round the shops in the first part of the morning but, though they looked full, there was absolutely damn all to buy – the only bulbs on sale were crocus and at a ridiculous price – I bought a couple of Vrightlander 120 films and that was the sum total of what I got – there’s no point in paying stupid sums for shoddy articles, don’t you agree?  At 11.15 we all forgathered for a cupper cawfee and at 11.30 the civilian party arrived to take us round the Art Gallery and the House of Parliament.  The pictures, some hidden some pinched by the Boche but since recovered, were really lovely, and were excellently explained by the Director of the place – Rembrandt, Van Dyke, Jan Steen etc at their best – the most intriguing one was Rembrandt’s large picture of an operation scene.  After looking round the seat of Parliament we came back for lunch at 12.45 and set off for Leiden University, some 12 miles from here, at 1.30.  The University, the oldest in Holland, is a lovely place with some 3,500 students.  It was the only University closed by the Boche, because the students went on strike when the Jewish Principle got the boot.  Before a largish crowd we took the field just after 3 and had a very shaky start but Bobby Fawcus (O.U.) kept goal magnificently and we opened the scoring after 20 minutes when yours truly popped one in – we lead 1-0 at half time and then settled down to some really good hockey, fortunately playing down wind!  I got a second just after the re-start and we added 2 more before we finished, to beat them 4-1, all very satisfactory.  The pace was very hot and they were much fitter than we were, but somehow we just lasted out, though no-one was sorry when the final whistle blew.  After tea and beer in the club-house, we returned to the University which we were shown round, and were liberally supplied with Dutch Gin, absolute fire-water.  The drivers had returned to The Hague and as I was driving one of the cars I had to go very easy on the liquor.  A large gathering sat down to dinner at 7.30 and the courses, fresh herring, soup, fried sole, éclairs, were interspersed with speeches by almost all the Dutchmen, the President of the University sports club, the secretaries of the Dutch Hockey Assoc., the Batavarien Club, and the captain of the other team.  I had learnt a short but appropriate bit of Dutch to thank all concerned and it was greeted with hilarious applause and cat-calls.  After another tour round the main building and a cup of excellent coffee, we left at 10 ocl and were back here in the Hotel at 10.30 – a glass of ale, a good hot bath and so to bed, feeling a trifle weary but in good spirits.  We have all been out to a photographers this morning having a group taken, it should be amusing!  The sun is right out now and after lunch we go up to Amsterdam for what will, I think, be our hardest game.  I’m afraid this is just a catalogue of events, but I hope not too uninteresting and oh! darling girl how I wish you were here.  February already though and next month, oh! joy to think about it.  I shall be home for all time – I live for nothing but that, for nothing but life with the dearest sweetest girl alive, for nothing but our love and your happiness – for all those things I long so much, and in only 40 days we shall stand on the very threshold of a new life together for always.  God bless and keep you, dearest heart, I can’t tell you how much I love you, it is beyond words, it is just so very, very much.  All my love to you and may the next 40 days just flash past.  Au revoir for now

Yours and only yours

            for ever and always

                        Peter

In envelope headed ‘O A S’ addressed to Mrs Peter C Benham, 9 Vint Crescent Colchester Essex.

Postmarked FIELD POST OFFICE 376 dated 4 FE 46.  Signed P.C. Benham.     

On front of envelope 2 Feb.

South African Infantry.

Cachet of 1st Infantry Brigade South African E.F. No. 01/3/2

1st Infantry Brigade Headquarters,

S.A.O.E.F.

Mex Camp. ALEXANDRIA

February 2, 1916

Lieut-Colonel Purcell, D.S.O.

Depot Battalion, South African Contingent,

Bordon, HANTS,

ENGLAND.

            With further reference to my letter of the 23rd ultimo, No. O1/3/1, and to your recent telegram regarding Officers asked for by the War Office to accompany reinforcements for the Brigade, the G.O.C. directs me to inform you that he is doing everything in his power to clear up the situation generally with regard to Officers.  He further fully realises the conditions with which you are faced and as you know you may rely upon him doing everything possible to assist you.  At the same time, to agree to a number of promotions to commissioned rank being made in the Depot Battalion of N.C.O.’s and men now in that Battalion, would mean that men who are now with the Brigade, who have proved themselves well worthy for of commissioned rank, would undoubtedly have a grievance.

The G.O.C. knows that you are as anxious as he is that vacancies in commissioned rank in the Contingent should be filled by those who have best earned promotion to that rank.

J. **** Baker

Major,

Brigade Major.

In On His Majesty’s Service envelope addressed to Lt Col Purcell D.S.O.

Depot Battalion S.A. Infantry, Bordon, Hants England.  Postmarked BASE ARMY POST OFFICE Z Dated 2 FE 16.  With 1st Infantry Brigade South African E.F. No. stamp and in pencil Official Free signature unreadable.

Wednesday

Feb 2

Dear Alan,

Just to let you know I am still very much alive, and, in the circs, everything all correct.  We are still operating in the same region, but we are anticipating much excitement in the near future.  Things are beginning to liven up considerably, rumours are as plentiful as French fleas at present, and the atmosphere is quite electrical so to speak, but anyway, everything points to the fact that the long period of waiting is nearing the end.  Mrs Leighton tells me that Dick has been home, and that you were able to be there also, which was “tres bon”, as the blighters out here would remark.  How is he, and what part of the map does he occupy at present, also what is the nature of his work?  I am still on the same old job, and getting busier every day now.  Things are alright at home, and my last letter (Jan 17) from Perce, tells me he is quite well, and is still at Hulluch.  I guess you are still having a busy time, and no doubt you have not been called up yet, on account of the nature of your work.  Is that so?  Well Goodbye old chap pro tem, hope you are keeping fit.  Kindest regards from, Yours to a cinder, Jim.

In envelope addressed to Mr A. Beesley, 28 Tower Rd, West Hill, Dartford, Kent, England.  Postmarked FIELD POST OFFICE D.37 dated 3 FE 16.  Hexagonal stamp  PASSED FIELD CENSOR 82, signed  V.A.L. Mallet.

On back of letter “Signed James R. Turner.”

JANUARY 1916.

Saturday 1st

            Rode to Tidworth to draw stores from Ordnance.  There was an awfully strong gale blowing with rain & sleet.  I was delayed on return trip by one of the horses balking at every hill and had to pull the brute by the jaw most of the way home.  I was just in time for dinner at 7.50.

Sunday 2nd.

            We had Church parade this morning but no parson turned up at church so we came home after waiting half an hour.  In the evening I had tea with Mrs. Haking.

Monday 3rd.

            Orderly officer today all drivers under arrest and consequently very busy.  Rose at 6.20.  At orderly room Maj Brown gave all Lieuts a lecture re duties & I told him he did not give us a fair show as he undermined our authority by reprimanding us continually before the men.  I collected most of the mess accounts.  This is the first fine day we have had at Larkhill.

Tuesday 4th.

            I rode to Tidworth today for more stores and got very wet it was 6.30 when I got back to camp.

Wednesday 5th.

            Working in camp all day getting horses shod & wagons repaired.

Thursday 6th.

            Repacking tool carts and cleaning tools all day.  I rode to Stonehenge this evening and was much interested in the big stones which were about 18 ft long & stand on end with others across the top.

Friday 7th.

            I rode to Salisbury with all the horses & the drivers, bought a gramophone for the Section & got back at 6 p.m. 

Enjoyed the day.

Letter from Irene at night.

The Signal Co left today for the Front.

Saturday 8th

            Letter from Maud today.

We changed huts & cleaned up the Signal Co’s huts which were awful.  I had a row with Major B, & told him he had better let me get out if he couldn’t treat me reasonably.  He told me he meant nothing personal & said I’d better carry on.

Sunday 9th.

            I took the Company to church this morning and as there was no parson I read the service.  We moved to new stables today and had to thoroughly clean the old ones.

White & I went for a ride this afternoon.

Monday 10th.

            On orderly duties & repairing incinerator.  Tiresome day with Major on his car.

Tuesday 11th.

            Rode to Tidworth for stores & got in the last of them bar searchlights & rods which the O.O. promised to send by M.T.

Wednesday 12th.

            March out arranged with full equipment.  We paraded & stood waiting for nearly two hours while the Major wandered about dissing everybody.

Thursday 13th.

            Packing & cleaning huts & cook houses ready for early start tomorrow.  Fine day.

Friday 14th.

            Sailed from Southampton at 5 p.m. having left Larkhill at 6 a.m. by train.  Had lunch at the Dolphin and then embarked for France at last.

Saturday 15th.

            Arrived in Havre early this morning, disembarked about 9 a.m. entrained.

Sunday 16th.

            Arrived at Sailly at 4.30 a.m. did not get to bed till 8.30 & got up at 9.  Straightening things up all day.

Monday 17th.

            Orderly officer.  Busy looking after the men and billets.

Tuesday 18th.

            Received orders to go to Bettencourt to fix up some work at the Divisional baths.  Took Maddigan over to work there as carpenter & left him, returning via Quesnoy.  Found there was a lot of work for me at Bettencourt.

Wednesday 19th.

            Went to Bettencourt and Airaines & bought timber for Latrines at Baths.  Also bought bricks at Quesnoy.

Thursday 20th.

            The Company marched out from Sailly at 10 o’clock.  Proceeded to Hocquincourt a village near Hallencourt.  We reached there at 2.30 p.m.  I was billeted with Thorne in the Chateau Beaufort in a nice room.  The men were put in Barnes & stables which was rough on them.

Friday 21st.

            Went to Bettencourt to work on Baths & to Airaines for timber.  Called at C.R.E.’s office to see if transport was arranged.  Found it was not so I had to rustle it myself in Airaines from the Ammunition column.

Saturday 22nd

            Working at Baths Bettencourt had to go to Airaines for timber & had trouble getting motor transport.  Started work on Laundry shed & incinerator.  Lunch at Airaines.  Had a lot of running about & was very tired at night.  Rode back to Hocquincourt at night.

Sunday 23rd.

            Working at Bettencourt at Baths finished incinerator & boilers and most of the laundry shed.  Rode back to Hocquincourt at night very tired.

Monday 24th.

            The Company left Hocquincourt at 11 a.m.  The Sappers & Officers travelling by motor busses and the mounted section bringing on the tool & forage carts.  We travelled through Airaines & Amiens reaching Albert at 4 p.m. & billeted there.  Albert has been badly shot up.  A statue of the Virgin on the church tower is hanging head down at an angle of 40 degrees with the tower.

Tuesday 25th.

            Went out to the first line trenches this morning & saw a lot of firing chiefly at German Air planes, the shooting was very bad most of the shells bursting away behind the planes.  I was given a lot of wire entanglements to erect & some trenches to fix up so this afternoon I took my section N.C.O.’s up and laid out the work.

Wrote to Irene.

Wednesday 26th.

            At 9 a.m. went with my section to the trenches.  The Germans saw us cross the ridge & commenced shelling us.  They dropped about 10 shells within 100 yds of us, one about 25 feet away.  Weir was hit by a small fragment but it did not penetrate his coat.  One of our airplanes was hit by the Germans and came down in a hurry inside our lines with its engine smashed.  The shelling was kept up so we have to wait for night to work.  Went to the trenches at 4.30 p.m. & commenced wiring.  Stayed to 12 midnight, only one shell came near us but there was a furious cannonade from both sides and the star shells were being sent up all along the line at frequent intervals.

Thursday 27th.

The machine guns rattled away viciously now & then and the phut of the snipers rifles was pretty constant.  Today Thursday I spent getting revetting material for a new trench we are digging right out in front and at 4.30 p.m. took out the section to continue wiring.  We worked till midnight without any interruption in the way of shell fire.  At 6.15 the big guns along our line fired all at once & it was grand to see the long flash of fire and hear the roar of the explosion & the whizz of the shells.  They went so far that we only faintly heard the shell burst.  The Germans replied quickly & kept it up some time and all night the flares on both sides kept lighting up the scene.

Friday 28th.

Friday.  All our officers went out to Keats Redan this morning to look over the ground we have to prepare.  We had to travel in trenches for two hours but could not get where we wanted as the ground was covered by the German machine guns.  At 4.30 I took my section wiring again and we had a quiet night getting back at 12.30.

The men get their hands badly cut by the wire while working in the dark and it is slow work and very tiresome.

Saturday 29th.

            Wrote to Irene.  Letters from Maud & Gerald.

A foggy morning so I took my section out on the wiring till 12.30.  The fog cleared just as we left & the Germans began shooting at once but did not get close to us.  This afternoon at 6.00 we have to make a reconnaissance.

Sunday 30th.

            Church H.C at 8 a.m.  Heavy bombardment by Germans this morning several horses and one man wounded.

Monday 31st.

            Went out to Front line this morning then back to get material ready for night work, rested this afternoon.  At 5 p.m. the Germans shelled our front line for 1 hr 35 min sending over about 3000 shells and blowing our wire & trenches to pieces.  The Col of the Essex was killed then a German bomb party came over to our trenches & took a Sergt, Corpl & 11 men prisoners & left their scaling ladders & a note advising the men to quit fighting.

Diary of 2/4th Battalion The Border Regiment

1916

20th January 1916.  “A” Company proceeded to Sooradavee in order to complete field firing.  Returned 24th January, 1916.

24th January 1916.  “B” Company proceeded to Shankargarh for company training.  Returned 5th February, 1916.

27th January 1916.  “C” Company proceeded to Sooradavee for field firing and company training.  Returned 18th February, 1916.

Letter from Peter C. Benham to his wife.

D -42.

Chad picture with “Wot! 6 more weeks?”

Major P.C. Benham,

G Branch

HQ 1 Corps District

BAOR

Thursday 31st January

10.15 pm.

My own most precious darling,

I’m writing this in the lounge of the Officers Hotel, The Hague, after a long but pleasant journey here.  In all we covered about 240 miles through Herford, Osnabruck, Euschede, Zutphen, Apeldoorn, Utrecht.  5 of the BAOR Humbers brought us here and we came in convoy – average speed about 35 mph even with a half hour break for coffee and doughnuts in the YMCA place at Rheine.  We left at 10 ocl and were here at 5.30.  The team is about 15 strong and we shall probably all play in two out of the three matches.  Just for your interest I enclose a copy of the arrangements made for the tour.  Coulson, an Irish International for many years had to cry off at the last moment and I’ve been ‘appointed’ captain of the team, rather a sweat as any speech-making which has to be done will fall on me!  Tomorrow morning we are going to have a run around on the local field, followed by a conducted tour round the City by one of the Dutch Under Secretaries!

Did my letter to you last night sound the most awful piffle?  I’m afraid it probably did as I was feeling anything but sober – we all went along to the Rhine Army HQ Club after dinner where I had several gins followed by two champagne cocktails!  I might say that the concentration put in on that letter was something terrific!  After dinner tonight several of us decided to go to see a film (‘Waterloo Road’ was on) but when we got there we found that you had to have purchased a ticket well beforehand and the place was packed out.  Instead we walked up the main street and back and I’ve just come up from the bar where I smoked my last cigarette of the day and had one glass of beer.  I’m afraid the evenings are going to be a trifle hectic so my letter writing programme is to write to you on Saturday and Sunday mornings, and when I get back to Iserlohn on Monday night.  I’m just longing to see your letters waiting for me, it makes getting back really worth while.  Darling one, I would have given anything to have had you with me today, and every other day too, the country we came through (it was a very similar one to your journey to Germany, wasn’t it?) was very varied, from the comparatively hilliness round Osnabruck to the absolute pancakishness of Holland, especially the stretch between Utrecht and here.  The whole tour seems to be extremely well organised and our rooms are ‘de luxe’ – I am sharing one with Freddie Self who goes straight from the Hook to Harwich on leave on Sunday night, would that I was coming too, but 6 weeks isn’t long to wait, just 42 days and all being well we shall be shall be together for always – as the times gets really near, so does my impatience and longing for it increase correspondingly.  Dearest heart and must away to bed for an early night (while I can!).  God bless and keep you – I love you oh! so terribly much and you are never out of my thoughts.  ALL my love is yours, only yours

            for ever and

always

                        Peter

In envelope headed ‘O A S’ addressed to Mrs Peter C Benham, 9 Vint Crescent Colchester Essex.

Postmarked FIELD POST OFFICE 376 dated 3 FE 46.  Signed P.C. Benham.     

On front of envelope 31 Jan.

Letter from Peter C. Benham to his wife.

D -43

Major P.C. Benham,

G Branch

HQ 1 Corps District

BAOR

Wednesday 30th January

10 pm.

My own most precious darling,

I’m actually up at Bad Oeynhausen, but not having written last night felt I must pen a few lines to you and hope that there is a post from the Mess in the morning.  After a very hectic morning I left Isulohn at 3 pm picked up Freddy Self and another bod at Soest and arrived up here at 7.30 pm to find most of the other members of the team assembled here and having very much of a ‘pre-tour party’!  We have just come back from the ‘21’ Club and I’m now smoking my 10th and last cigarette of the day.  F. Self is sharing a room with me and is fast asleep.  I was delighted this a.m. to receive your Friday letter and to hear, inter alia, about Bill and Dorothy’s supper with you, and the prospect of a Lois (thawed out!) visit to you the following evening.  Many thanks for your letter, darling.  We leave hear by cars at 9 ocl tomorrow morning and should arrive at The Hagueround about6 or 7pm – it promises to be an excellent tour and I’m much looking forward to it.  After a very busy day yesterday in the office I set sail for Witten at 6.30 and was at Peter Royle’s Mess at 7.20.  After an excellent dinner of soup, hare and real cream sweet, we settled down to a really terrific natter and it was 10.30 and time for me to be returning before I knew it.  I learnt many interesting things about the 17th between the time I left them and the Victory March through Tunis in which the 17th took a prominent part.  I didn’t get back ‘til 11.30 and was so tired that I just dropped into bed and was asleep in no time.  Darling, in just on 6 weeks now I shall be putting in the most historic phone call ever and there is no thought in all the world which gives me such a thrill as that.  It is all getting so wonderfully close now, and when next I’m back to the old office on Tuesday the days will be numbered in the 30’s – throughout the next 5 days you will be, as always, so very constantly in my thoughts, and I will write to you just whenever I can, and am I longing for my return and the little ‘pile’ of letters waiting for me, yessir!  Angel one, I must into bed now and to sleep, and must say goodnight and God bless you for always – you are forever in my heart and I love you more than I can ever tell you in words – may my dreams be just of you, all you.  ALL my love, dearest heart, is yours, and yours alone.

            for ever and always

                        Peter

In envelope headed ‘O A S’ addressed to Mrs Peter C Benham, 9 Vint Crescent Colchester Essex.

Postmarked FIELD POST OFFICE 830 dated 31 JA 46.  Signed P.C. Benham.   

On front of envelope 30 Jan.