All the notebooks were written on the right hand page and additions, photos, cartoons or other documents were added to the left hand page.

Lord Henry Scott was commanding the Bde from 28^th of June to the 8^th of July, 1916, so I commanded the Bn.

On the 13^th of July 1916 a wire came to say I had been selected to command an Inf Bn and was to report at Belle Eglise on the 14^th.  I started at 7.15 a.m. there appeared to be only one Belle Eglise this was west of Paris, the station master obligingly made out my time table via Calais and Paris.  I reached Abbeville at midnight and Paris at 5.55 a.m.  Here I had to report to the A.P.M. driving there & back right through Paris in a taxi.  I saw the preparations being made for the ‘Quatorze Juillet’.  There were no British troops at Belle Eglise so I went on to Beauvais where I had lunch and then proceeded to Abancourt where I found an R.T.O.  He explained that Belle Eglise was the name for the new railhead just constructed, travelling in guards vans and on the tenders of two engines I at last reached there about midnight on the 14^th.  A Sergt Major kindly surrendered his bunk to me – there was no other accommodation – a phone message was sent through to the Reserve Army.

On the opposite page is a photograph of Major Allason, Lieutenant Tophy, Captain Barrett and the French Translator De Rosen.

A car appeared about 11 a.m. to take me to Bareuil on the way I met the 1^st Bn heard that Col Onslow had a Bde and at once phoned the Mil Sec^ry requesting that I might be appointed to them.

Barueil proved to be a Dump of officers awaiting appointment to command B^ns meanwhile they were to be employed instructing “young officers” the first batch of these arrived that evening before any provision could possibly be made for them.  About 150 hungry officers were asking for breakfast next morning and were told to use their emergency rations.  This most of them had considered a superfluous addition to the weight they were already carrying so their faces fell.  By dint of borrowing we managed to get them some biscuit and tea but the idea of going to school again did not please them especially those with ten years previous service.

On the opposite page is a newspaper cutting of a map of the Somme area.

A car turned up about midday to take me to the 1^st Bⁿ. 

Took over command of 1^st Bn. 16/7/16.  I joined them at Lahoussoye and took over command from Major Lawder. 

“M” Coy Bombing Team

2^nd Res Batt S.A.I.

Score 189   2/7/16

L/Cpl Leathern

Pte. Rethmen

   “   Woolmore

   “   Lanford

   “   Hambridge

   “   Van Staden.

C.R.A.C.  73225/13 (A2)

Col. J.F. Purcell, D.S.O.

Comdg South African Res. Bns.

Reference your appointment to command South African Reserve Battalions date of assuming has been reported to War Office as June 22^nd, this being the date on which notification was received approving your appointment vice Col Martyn

Charrington Captain

Staff Captain for A.A.G., A.C.

Aldershot

28^th June 1916

In OHMS envelope addressed to Col J.S. Purcell D.S.O.

Cmdg South African Res Bttn.

Opened G.H. Elliot

O.R. Sgt.

Somewhere in France

Sunday June 25^th

My Dear Ethel & Harry,

            Thanks so much for your two letters.  They reached me only last Friday, which was the first day on which we have had a post, but from now on they should come regularly.  It was great excitement receiving the mail, for two or three days we were expecting the letters to arrive & then when they did it meant a lot for nearly everyone.

            We were not long in France before we were sent to our present position in the firing line, in fact we only had 4 nights rest before getting here.  Since we have been here we have had to work fearfully hard both day & night but the back of the work is now broken.  Today and last night there has been one long continual roar of guns & screaming of shells.  The noise is terrific and Fritz is getting it very hot.  Last night we had the night in bed but it was impossible to sleep owing to the noise.

            You want to know how I fill up my time, well, up to the present I don’t seem to have had any to worry about, and, in fact, last night was the first opportunity I have had off writing a letter since I have been here, as I had rather a batch of letters on Friday I was very glad of it.

            It is a great experience out here and it is marvellous how unconcerned & cool everyone appears under most extraordinary conditions.  The War here appears to be just a huge business not half so confusing as Selfridges, but a bit nosier.  It is not half as bad as I anticipated, and the danger seems very small.  When we are firing it seems almost as though we are at practice in England; the only difference being that we are not the only people firing.

            I am very glad for both your sakes that the trip to London was successful and hope that you will be sent to some decent place, and that it will be a great benefit to you.

            Three of us have built ourselves a beautiful and select little dugout of which we are very proud.  It is a splendid little place and in time we will have every convenience.  We are all positive it is absolutely splinter proof.  To get in it is necessary to crawl on hands and knees, as the entrance is so small.

            When at the Rest Camp I cut off the moustache you speak of but the same morning the Sergeant Major gave us a lecture on the subject so it is flowering once more.

            I was not able to get my photo taken at Ross as both the photographers have enlisted & there was no one carrying on.

            Alan’s description of an artilleryman’s life out here is to say the least of it slightly exaggerated.  One would hardly call it a bed of roses & recently I have been wishing I was in the Infantry.

            Thanks again for your letters – you can’t imagine how much they are valued out here – keep on writing

            Yours with love

                        Bernard.

In envelope addressed to Mr & Mrs Harry R. King, Esq., Munmore, Zion Road, Rathgar, Co. Dublin. Ireland.

Postmarked FIELD POST OFFICE 110.  29 JU16.  Hexagonal PASSED FIELD CENSOR 3447.  Signed F.G. Dweryhouse

All the notebooks were written on the right hand page and additions, photos, cartoons or other documents were added to the left hand page.

Passed fit for service 4.4.16  G.S.O. 2

Embarked for France 23.6.16.

Joined 8^th Bn on 24.6.16.

My wound of 21^st April was slow in healing.  I was made the offer of Bde Major at Kemmel Park, a special Board passed me as fit for light duty at home and I took the appointment on the 24^th April August 1915.  This I held until ordered to go to Catterick Reserve Centre as G.S.O. (2) where I remained from the 15^th of April until the 21^st June.

I disembarked at Boulogne on 23.6.16 and spending the night in the train and with long delays waiting for connections at last reached Wormhout at 8.30 p.m.

Col Lord Henry Scott was commanding the Bn was resting.  Bn HQ were in a Brewery the owner was a Commissariat Officer.  Both he and his whole family were firmly convinced that a second war would be necessary to oust the British from Flanders.

They spoke openly of it and nothing would convince them.  The time passed quickly, we were inspected by our Brigadier, General Nicholson also by Gen. Cooke commanding the Division, General Cavan commanding the Corps and General Plumer commanding the Army.  There were pleasant excursions on horseback to the neighbouring towns some of which were very interesting with Vauban fortifications.

On the opposite page is a photograph of five officers, named and below Commanding 8^th Bn 28/6 to 8/7.

Lord Henry Scott was commanding the Bde from 28^th of June to the 8^th of July so I commanded the Bn.

On the 13^th of July a wire came to say I had been selected to command an Inf Bn and was to report at Belle Eglise on the 14^th.  I started at 7.15 a.m. there appeared to be only one Belle Eglise this was west of Paris, the station master obligingly made out my time table via Calais and Paris.  I reached Abbeville at midnight and Paris at 5.55 a.m.  Here I had to report to the A.P.M. driving there & back right through Paris in a taxi.  I saw the preparations being made for the ‘Quatorze Juillet’.  There were no British troops at Belle Eglise so I went on to Beauvais where I had lunch and then proceeded to Abancourt where I found an R.T.O.  He explained that Belle Eglise was the name for the new railhead just constructed, travelling in guards vans and on the tenders of two engines I at last reached there about midnight on the 14^th.  A Sergt Major kindly surrendered his bunk to me – there was no other accommodation – a phone message was sent through to the Reserve Army.

On the opposite page is a photograph of Major Allason, Lieutenant Tophy, Captain Barrett and the French Translator De Rosen.

A car appeared about 11 a.m. to take me to Bareuil on the way I met the 1^st Bn heard that Col Onslow had a Bde and at once phoned the Mil Sec^ry requesting that I might be appointed to them.

Barueil proved to be a Dump of officers awaiting appointment to command B^ns meanwhile they were to be employed instructing “young officers” the first batch of these arrived that evening before any provision could possibly be made for them.  About 150 hungry officers were asking for breakfast next morning and were told to use their emergency rations.  This most of them had considered a superfluous addition to the weight they were already carrying so their faces fell.  By dint of borrowing we managed to get them some biscuit and tea but the idea of going to school again did not please them especially those with ten years previous service.

On the opposite page is a newspaper cutting of a map of the Somme area.

20/6/16

Move.  Fastest possible walk, slowest possible trot.  March not too unduly slow and long.

            B.C. responsible for pace.  Should always be at head of Battery if possible.  If not, Officer to be detailed.

Begin with walk of mile or so.  Horses get night stiffness.  Then a short trot before first halt.

Start trotting slowly.  O.C. start with steady pace – not a rush away.

Trot a hunting jog.  Used by Units, individuals and orderlies etc. riding alone (see page 58 F.A.T.).  Exercising Order gives good chance of training men in this.

First halt.  Everyone looks round, officers too.  Adjust breechings, tighten girth, every foot to be examined, kit and equipment seen to be adjusted by Gunners and the Nos. 1.  Nos 1 report to S.C. who report to B.C. 20 minutes to half hour after start for first halt.  Duration 5 to 10 minutes.

After first halt walk and trot alternately according to temperature, roads and gradients.  Average pace 5 to 6 miles an hour including halts.  Trot on the level.  Don’t order head of Column to halt while tail is negotiating hill.  O.C. keep in mind length of his Column in ordering trot from walk or vice versa, 20 yards per 6 horse vehicle must be allowed.  Chap. 3 Sect. 25 & 26 F.S. Regs. Part 1 and pp. 195, 197 F.A.T.

Hour of starting.  Very early start objectionable.  Men and horses fed and chance for men to attend to nature otherwise constipation may result.

Length of marches.  Column of all arms 15 miles per day with rest once a week.  Small Command can cover 25 miles or more under favourable circumstances if a trek in front – get horses in good condition – using up surplus forage.  Don’t keep them on a low ration till last moment.  Give chaff during a march if possible.

Rule of Road.  Stick to it.  In France with pave crown – horse traffic must go on to side to leave pave for mechanical transport.

            Before halting a Battery give “close into the left” (or “right” in France) so as to have all vehicles off the road centre.  Leave cross roads clear.

Passing of Orders.  F.S. Part I p. 47.  “No trumpet or bugle call allowed on the march” – orders by signal.

            While away from enemy whistle or word of command should be used.  While Battery trotting sound whistle or give word order before giving signal.  Orders should be passed on.

If silence essential swingletrees, trail-eyes, etc., must be muffled as recommended in Chap. 2 p. 35 F.S. Pocket Book.  Rapid passing of orders up and down column requires practice.  Nos. 1 and Coverers passing orders from front to rear should turn well round, repeat order clearly and get acknowledgement.  Give order from rear of Battery occasionally to waken men up.

Supervision.  B.C. responsible and under him S.C., Nos. 1 and Coverers.  At intervals B.C. should hand over lead to someone else, fall-out and let Battery go past him.  See how things go and that pace set is right.  Should be no more sweating in last team than in first.  Condition of last team is surest guide as to pace.  S.C.s fall out in succession to B.C. and remain till their Section passed.  S.C.s move about – pass from one side of Section to other and watch teams.  He will learn more about his horses in a week in this way than in a month at stables.

Captains should ride in rear not with the B.C.s.

Nos 1 and Coverers should also move about and on either side of teams.

Every horse to do his share.

Wheel and centre Drivers must cover lead Driver or trace galls result.

Hand horses which lean in should be provided with carefully adjusted side reins.

Slovenly riding and lolling must be checked.  Men on vehicles to sit up.  Men on limbers sit well back to keep weight off points of pole.  Smoking by men on vehicles strictly forbidden.

Up to first halt, all ranks should march at attention – after that march at ease, except when marching thro’ towns.  But marching at ease too much leads to slovenly habits.

Gunners & all others except team drivers should dismount & walk for some distance every now & then.

No team drivers should be dismounted.  Best way to ease ride horses is to change them with hand horses day by day.

Gunners should walk behind carriages, keeping inside wheels.  They should dismount independently at bottom of a hill and mount again at top.

Trot down a long gentle slope – horses are kept in draught and carriage is prevented from running forward and forcing wheelers to sit back in breeching.

On steep slopes apply brake.  It should allow wheels to revolve slowly.  Gunners putting on brake should look over vehicle and watch point of pole as well as wheels.  If point of pole rises unduly, more brake is wanted – if the pole remains fairly horizontal, it is about right.  At foot of short steep slope, lead and centre drivers must keep well going.  They must not hang fire when they reach level, or wheel horses are forced on top of them.

If any vehicle has to stop altogether, it must not attempt to regain its place till next halt.  Falls in at tail of column till then.  Its space in column must be left free.

Maintenance of distances.  Very important.  10 yards between batteries.  4 yards between horses heads and carriages.  B.C. may order extension for reason of dust &c.

            Distance once lost should be left and made up at next halt.  No jig-jogging.  Common fault is closing up to less than 4 yards.  At a halt bumping occurs.  If proper distance kept and lead drivers pay more attention to carriage in front of them, checks would be avoided.  Lead drivers should keep close watch on vehicles in front and if signs of slowing down as if a check might occur, be ready to throw horses off to right, just clear of wheel.  Slight overlapping will prevent bumping.  To give each a chance of seeing inconvenience of checking, give each subsection the lead in turn.

            Over extension annoying as CO. does not know what distance to allow for length of his column.

Watering.  Water frequently but never shortly after a feed.  Sponge out nostrils frequently.  Canvass buckets should be carried on vehicles – they can often be filled at houses on the road when other water is not obtainable.

            Water Cart driver should be a good man.

Halts.  After initial halt – other halts of 5 to 10 minutes every hour.  When halt ordered, brakes should be put on at once.  Someone always at leaders heads.

            During long halts – especially when horses feeding – and have bits removed – it is advisable to unhook leaders and centres.

Wise to take weight off wheelers necks by letting poles down – but if this is done, the wheelers must be unhooked altogether.

If a single horse breaks away, don’t run after him and don’t let anyone else.  He can always beat a man on foot.  He will return to the battery or go home.  On very long marches, saddles should be removed if a sufficiently long halt can be made.  Give horses a roll if possible.  Hand massage and slap backs.

During continuous marches in peace, one day a week set apart for a rest – nosebags thoroughly cleaned, turned inside out and put out to air.

Horses can be fed from blankets spread on the ground.  Equipment of all sorts carefully overhauled.  Wheels and pipe boxes need attention.  Screws, bolts &c.

During halt.  Horses and harness must be carefully examined.  Galls, rubs, loose shoes and stones in the feet should be looked for.  Galls and rubs most frequently occur behind the elbow, under breast harness and where tracings and breechings touch.  Treatment of saddle galls and sore withers – see Animal Management.  Consult it frequently.

Harness fitting must be constantly looked to.  It does not always fit at the end of a long march as it did at the beginning.  When breast harness gall has begun, it may be stopped by means of “gall pads” 4½ “ long x 3 “ wide x ½“ thick.  Soft leather filled with soft waste, stout ties like leather laces sewn on to four corners – a pad is tied on breast harness on each side of gall.  A piece of nummnah felt with a hole cut in it so as to fit over the gall is a good substitute.

If a lot of sweating and dust – at each halt wipe inside of breast collar and the horse where the collar touches, with a damp sponge.

For long hard march, harden skins by washing under breast harness with a strong solution of salt and water morning and evening for a fortnight beforehand.

2 snake girths should be carried by each section.  They are like ordinary girths but are cut away behind elbow. 

A few pieces of sheep skin and brushing boots should be carried.

“Mitten Boots” are like a large thick mitten and are pulled over horse’s fetlock.

Woollen gloves make useful wither pads.

Leaders and centres with sore withers can be kept in draught by removing neck straps and using two baggage straps to support breast harness; attach straps to the dees on the side bars of saddle.

Compliments.  If senior officer met, officers of battery salute him.  If he is General Commanding, the station or Lieut.-Colonel or Colonel of your Brigade, give “Eyes right”.  In case of doubt, err on side of politeness.

Civilian funeral, officers salute hearse.  Military funeral, “Eyes right” to gun-carriage.

See other units working as often as possible and note anything worth imitating.

Flanders,

Sunday, June 18^th 1916.

My dear old Hal,

I had your letter of the eleventh immediately I had sent off my last one to you.  Such is the usual happening.  I am very discreet and I hope you are as I tell you ever so much more than I do mother or Bern.  We are in the trenches for six days from yesterday.  I have still my steel helmet.  We keep them you know as whether we are in or out shrapnel is always with us.  I am in the supports & would be in the front line but our company is too big.  As it is some of us have no dug-outs.  Eight of us have to sleep on two big stepped staircases which go into the bowels of the earth it seems.  There are only the stairs.  Eventually there will be a tremendous dug-out between them.  The stairs are finished.  The dug-out is not started.  I had my position very near the top and I slept to some extent.  Tonight I am looking forward to sleeping in a better quarter as I have discovered a flat piece of concrete flooring with considerable shelter.  I am glad your London interview was favourable and am waiting to hear the result.  Your top-hole parcel came last night at a very welcome time.  You and Ethel have gone to quite a lot of trouble and the things in it are just the things I am fond of.  The butter is fine.  We have less butter than anything.  French butter is terrible stuff.  We can buy French bread easily generally.  Saturday Friday night at twelve thirty (of course that is really Saturday morning) according to new time (we have put on an hour about a week ago) we were all roused for our first gas attack.  It was a very serious business.  They always are.  Someone of the guard rushes round and people are literally kicked awake.  I jump out at once.  We had to get our gas helmets in the dark, put them on immediately in a certain fashion & wait till the attack was over.  All the gongs in every billet and camp are sounding.  They have big hooters which are going all the time, and we bombard the Germans as fiercely as possible everywhere.  Just after I was roused the noise of everything was the loudest I had ever heard.  The fellows in the trenches open rapid fire also, & the machine guns.  The attack lasted till two but I think we made them hop & had by far the best of it.  Six good whiffs are enough to kill you.  Two make you very ill.  I think where we were was about the only spot the gas missed, but of course we had to be on the alert.

Yesterday I had to go near the front line & I was waiting when someone said “I don’t think I’d stand there too long, Kingie” so I moved, looked around & saw a notice “Beware of Snipers, Duck or Die”.  I am very careful since of that spot.  It was hard lines on Bernard having to split his leave.  I expect mother is feeling very anxious about the two of us.  I am afraid we are not likely to meet unless we are sent to the base which is improbable.  I used to think that the soldiers in the trenches were bored to death for want of something to do.  With us it is quite different.  You never seem to have a minute to yourself.  All the time going you want to spend in sleep.  Today’s letters haven’t come in yet but I am expecting one from home & looking forward to it.  As I am keeping this until I get a green envelope I may add a thing or two.  I can scarcely keep my eyes open so will wind up with best wishes from

            Yours

                        Alan

Who is Lord Kitchener’s successor?  You will see I have had your postcard from Ethel’s letter.  Let me hear from you soon.  It is the 21^st today & things are about the same.

On Active Service envelope addressed to Harry R King, Esq., Munmore, Zion Road, Rathgar, Dublin.

Postmarked ARMY POST OFFICE 4 25 JU 16.  Hexagonal Passed Field Censor 1347 cachet.

Ansd 2/7/16 on back of envelope.

1. Proceed by Bon Car at 9.10 AM to MEAULTE, send car back.

• Call at 126 Field Coy RE MEAULTE and explain that the 27 cyls will be removed from the dug out at the N end of the street in BECOK VALLEY tonight.

• Find out from each Fd Coy the (max) amount of space that will be ready by 10.0 PM tonight.

• The Coys are 126 on left, 98^th, 97^th.

• Proceed along length of front line and estimate the numbers and approx positions of recesses ready tonight.

• See officer of 97^th Coy about recesses in bottom of trench.

• Telephone from 126 Coy or somewhere in MEAULTE to F Coy RE VII Div when you are ready for the car at MEAULTE.

H Sanderson 2/Lt.

XXIth Div ****

For OC F Coy RE

16/6/16

Flanders,

June 18^th 1916.

My dear Ethel,

Thank you very much for your parcel and letter.  It is being enjoyed very much on “The Continent”.  I don’t know if I have any more grey hairs.  I would not be surprised if there were.  I have a nice little moustache which the King wanted me to grow.  You know what one of those flat tea cakes without currents is like – A flat thing with little holes all inside it – Well the French bread is like that but its size is enormous and it is crusty.  You would think it light but it is rather heavy.  Its colour is that of Standard bread.  We are getting to like it.  By the way the army bread is the crown loaf and it’s very good.  I don’t know whether to say eggs are of any use or not.  The fact is that I haven’t had one for three weeks & I am rather keen.  The thing is that if I want one very badly I can get one with little trouble so it really isn’t worth while sending me any.  Your parcel arrived without having suffered in any way.  I must say that was due to the packing.  Whatever the parcel is packed like however if something very heavy drops on it it doesn’t do it any good.  I had a parcel with some sausage rolls and tomatoes among other things.  It was beautifully packed but one side had been squashed & only one tomato survived.  The remainder had fuzed with three or four rolls.  As a rule however they come remarkably safely.  Hurrah!  Hurrah!  Hurrah!  Have just heard of the jolly good news.  Damme I am glad.  Harry’s postcard has this minute arrived.  Of course he was bound to get it once they had seen him, wasn’t he?  I have nearly gone mad.  I am afraid you won’t like leaving Ireland and of course it will be your luck not to come to Cardiff.  Write & tell Harry to & tell me where, when &c.  What a funny thing I had the parcel first.  I can’t understand it.  Was the iced cake wedding cake & if so yours?  That is just like the army asks questions.  Ethel, have you ever tried sleeping on stairs.  Try.  As you haven’t any extra special training I will allow you to avail yourself of the stair carpet and an overcoat also a cap comforter otherwise a night cap.  They have packed sand-bags full of earth at the side so it’s quite likely we will be able to build up a bed (which I feel sure will collapse between three and six a.m. tomorrow.  Again, it will come in handy when you move.  How I pity you moving!  Once we did.  You won’t like leaving Dublin a bit.  That’s the fly in the ointment isn’t it?  We are going out digging tonight & I am going quite gladly.  In addition to what I have told Harry there is nothing to tell you as we doing the same thing six days after six days.  We only see Englishmen now.

We haven’t had any butter issued to-day so yours has come in very handy.  I am afraid most of this letter is about food.  I have nothing else to write about.  With much love I am,

            Yours affectionately

                        Alan.

The sandbags collapsed not.  We were awakened instead on a Gas alarm which proved to be a false alarm.  The weather is beautiful now with my usual luck I shall post these letters & then one from you.

This letter is in the envelope with the letter to Harry of even date.

Dated 12 Jun 1916

2/Lt R.M. Beesley R.E. has permission to pass either way in any trenches of Divisional Sector.  This pass to hold good daily till further orders.

** Codrington,

Major.

Staff Captain

63^rd Infantry Brigade

12^th June 1916.