Saturday 1^st.

            Rode to Gouy & Barly spent most of the day at Barly on the pump which is very hard to set as the chalk walls will not hold.

Sunday 2^nd.

            Have got the grippe at last.  Parcel from Helen & letter.

Have now received 13 pairs of socks which ought to last to the end of the war.  Rode to Humbercourt then to Mondicourt with C.R.E.

Monday 3^rd.

            Went to Gouy to set tanks & troughs.  Called at Barly midday & found the men had done nothing so I set the Sergt on to them.  Got orders tonight to commence several buildings for Divisional School at Gouy.  Very bad with neuralgia & rheumatics.  Wrote to Irene.

Tuesday 4^th.

            Went to explode Airplane bomb fallen near Gouy.  When it was dug up it was found to be an anti aircraft shell.  Went on to Gouy.  This afternoon went to L’Arbret Park to see if pipes were ready.  Cold day.

Wednesday 5^th.

            Went to Gouy this morning to Div School site and changed the buckets on the pump there.  Went to Couturelle this afternoon to see a doctor who gave me aspirin.  Cold again.

Thursday 6^th.

            Got orders to build huts etc for Div School at Gouy.  Ordered material and arranged for Corpl Davies & 9 men to billet in Gouy.

Very bad with neuralgia & lumbago.

Friday 7^th.

            Started work on Div School putting Armstrong huts and cookhouses.  Got a lot of infantry to help as general said the work was to be finished tomorrow.  A lot of red hats about all day each wanting something special done so I was kept very busy.

Very bad with neuralgia.

Saturday 8^th.

            Working at high speed all day rushing the school buildings, got them all finished by night and then received orders for further work, a bayonet course and bunks for 2  40 ft huts.

Neuralgia still bad.

Sunday 9^th.

            Working on School at Gouy.  Met Gen Jeudwine who had been inspecting School.  He told me I had done “Most excellent work there.”

Monday 10^th.

            Went to Gouy both morning & afternoon.  Finished bayonet course.

Repaired pump on Gouy – Bavincourt R^d.

Capt. Finch bought Gramophone.

Fine day.

Tuesday 11^th.

            Raining hard today first wet day for two weeks.  T Lieut Holden & Griand came to see me about claim for buildings at Beaumetz.

Wednesday 12^th.

            Rode to Barly & Gouy.  Wet day.  Paid the men in Saulty tonight.

Got orders tonight to go to Boulogne tomorrow.

Thursday 13^th.

            Went to Boulogne & Abbeville in Motor car, had lunch at the Folkestone Hotel.  Met Major Allen who told me about Maj * & Capt Temple being killed.  Had dinner at Doullens.  Got home about 9.30 p.m.

Friday 14^th.

            Went to L’Arbret & Gouy & paid the men there.  Brought away my party from Gouy.

Went to Barly to report on footpaths req^d at Hospital.

Saturday 15^th.

            Rode to Gouy this morning to Humbercourt & L’Arbret this afternoon.  Had tea with Col Liddell Div Train went to report on A.S.C. dumps and on flint quarry.

Drew 100 francs from Field Cashier.

Letters from Jack & Dick.

Sunday 16^th.

            Wrote to Maud.

Rode to Gouy this morning Avesnes Le Comte this afternoon.

Monday 17^th.

            Rode to Gouy this morning & stayed all day building bunks in huts and footpaths.  Had lunch with C.R.E. & tea at Div School.

Wet day & blowing very hard.

Adjutant told me I was getting a great deal of kudos from the G.O.C.

Tuesday 18^th.

            Wrote to Irene.

Same as yesterday.

Put in application to C.R.E. for promotion to rank of Captain.  C.R.E. said he would look into the matter.

Wet day.

Wednesday 19^th.

            Weather still bad.  Rode to Gouy.  Started working on A.S.C. refilling station.  The infantry did not come as ordered so I could not do much.  Got a lot of work done at Gouy.

Thursday 20^th.

            Showery day.  Wrote to Home.  Had 60 men working on A.S.C. Dump L’Arbret 26 at Gouy, 6 at Barly, 6 Barly Wood, 5 Saulty.  Got 3 horses knocked out today.  Went to L’Arbret, Gouy & Barly, after tea went to Humbercourt with Major Woods R.A.M.C. to flint quarry.

Friday 21^st.  (Good Friday)

            There is no entry this day.

Saturday 22^nd.

            There is no entry this day.

Sunday 23^rd.  (Easter Sunday)

            Went to Doullens for dinner after a ride to Gouy.

Monday 24^th.

            Working at Gouy Camp all day.  Fine day.

Tuesday 25^th.

            Wrote to Honey.

Working in Gouy Camp and at Barly.

Wednesday 26^th.

            Went to Mondicourt to get supplies for Monchiet then went on to Monchiet and spent afternoon in Gouy.  Fine day.

Thursday 27^th.

            Rode via L’Arbret to Gouy worked there all day.  Had tea with Maj Campbell at L’Arbret.

Saw Corpl Loman about tank & drew some pipe 2”.

Friday 28^th.

            Rode to Barly & Fosseux this a.m. then on to Gouy where I worked on Camp awhile then on to Monchiet where I had 25 inf working.  Back to Saulty at 6.15.

Saturday 29^th.

            Rode via Barly to Gouy then on to Monchiet where I started ditch to the horse troughs.

Sunday 30^th.

            Went to Gouy & worked there all day.  At 5 p.m. went with Capt Finch in Motor to La Bellevue & Lucheux.  Nice drive.  Wrote to Irene.

1916

1^st April 1916.  One officer and 70 other ranks took over the duties of the Peshawar Fort Detachment.

4^th April 1916.  The troops at Peshawar paraded on the Brigade Parade Ground to celebrate the assumption of the Viceroy and Governor-General in India by the Right Honourable Sir Frederick John Napier Thesiger, P.C., G.C.M.G., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E.,, Baron Chelmsford.

5^th April 1916.  Tactical scheme by Peshawar Infantry Brigade, under Brigadier-General L.C. Dunsterville, C.B., A.D.C., between Shah and Katcha Garhi,  “A” Company acting as escort to the Signal Section beyond Shah on the Michni Road.

29^th April 1916.  The Battalion was inspected by Major-General Sir F. Campbell, K.C.B., G.O.C. 1^st (Peshawar) Division.

B.E.F.

Dear Alan,

Expect to be coming home on Thursday but do not know within a few hours what time I shall reach Victoria.  Consequently it has hardly worth while making an appointment with you in town.  However I will wire you from Folkestone time of my arrival at Victoria so if you possibly can meet me outside the Railway Transport Officers (R.T.O.) there.  If you are not there I will not wait for you but may possibly come down to Dartford to spend the night.  In any case I want to spend Friday in town for I want to see Thorpe and also to buy several things.

Will probably travel north by a circuitous route Friday night or Saturday morning.

Well I think this is all for the present

                        Dick

With cover addressed to A.E. Beesley, 28, Tower Rd, West Hill Dartford Kent.

Postmarked ARMY POST OFFICE S.2., dated 25 AP 16. On cover hexagonal PASSED BY CENSOR 20., and signed R.M. Beesley.

Monday 24/4/16

2^nd War Hospital

Northfield

Birmingham

.

Dear Sir,

            Many thanks for the Magazine you so kindly sent me and it was very nice to read about the old place and to see the names of so many of my old friends.  Well I am pleased to say this letter leaves me in the best of health at the present time but they have not finished with my teeth yet so I shall not be marked out just yet I hope these few lines of mine find you all in the best of health and spirits as I am myself and hope to keep so.  Well I think we are having some lovely nice weather and I hope it will continue like it is.  Well Sir I think we are on the eve of another big battle by what the men says who have just come from France and they say the weather out there is splendid and I am pleased to hear it is so.  We have just had one man come in to our Ward who as been out from the very beginning without getting a scratch till now so I think he is very lucky and he said there was about nine left out of the 1100 who went out with the Batt at the start.  Well sir I am afraid this is a very poor letter but I have not got much news to tell you so I hope you will excuse me so I will now close.

I remain

Your obedient

Servant

Pte. W.H. Cooke

In envelope addressed to The Rev T.W. Walters, The Vicarage, Whitwick, Leicestershire.  England.

Letter postmarked NORTHFIELD 25 AP 16.

Monday 24/4/16

2^nd War Hospital

Northfield

Birmingham

.

Dear Sir,

            Many thanks for the Magazine you so kindly sent me and it was very nice to read about the old place and to see the names of so many of my old friends.  Well I am pleased to say this letter leaves me in the best of health at the present time but they have not finished with my teeth yet so I shall not be marked out just yet I hope these few lines of mine find you all in the best of health and spirits as I am myself and hope to keep so.  Well I think we are having some lovely nice weather and I hope it will continue like it is.  Well Sir I think we are on the eve of another big battle by what the men says who have just come from France and they say the weather out there is splendid and I am pleased to hear it is so.  We have just had one man come in to our Ward who as been out from the very beginning without getting a scratch till now so I think he is very lucky and he said there was about nine left out of the 1100 who went out with the Batt at the start.  Well sir I am afraid this is a very poor letter but I have not got much news to tell you so I hope you will excuse me so I will now close.

I remain

Your obedient

Servant

Pte. W.H. Cooke

In envelope addressed to The Rev T.W. Walters, The Vicarage, Whitwick, Leicestershire.  England.

Letter postmarked NORTHFIELD 25 AP 16.

CONFIDENTIAL.

SPECIAL BRIGADE

NOTES FOR SECTION COMMANDERS

1. Make sure that the Infantry Brigade to whom you are attached, and also your Company Commander, know the position of your Section billets; and mark your Headquarters so that orderlies can find them easily.

• Thoroughly reconnoitre your line, and carefully site each emplacement, having regard to the general instructions issued to you by your Company Commander.  Take your Section serjeants with you.  Satisfy yourself that each emplacement conforms to the following requirements:-
• That, within the limits of wind direction for which the attack is planned, gas can be discharged without danger to other parts of the line;
• That the utmost possible use is made of saps, craters, etc;
• That emplacements are not sited too close to our own mine-shafts.

• Send in to your Company Commander a plan, on a scale of 1/2,500, showing the exact position of each emplacement.

• Report invariably to Brigade Headquarters on your way into the line.
• Take the earliest opportunity to train the men who will act as guides to carrying parties to find their way both by day and night.

• See that your men are told off into emplacement crews.

• See that each crew has its own set of pipes, spanners, etc., and that these are all tested beforehand; make each crew responsible for its own set. 

Each crew should also have a small supply of sand-bags.

• See that your men are all in possession of the allotted number of “Box” respirators or smoke helmets, and that these are thoroughly inspected before going into action.

• See that:-
• Cylinders are properly protected;
• Adequate precautions are taken to prevent noise both in carrying up pipes and in placing cylinders in position;
• Reserves of men are in position and under cover;
• Section serjeants are in the best positions for supervision;
• A written programme of the nature and time of discharge is prominent at each group. 

Ensure that your Senior Serjeant will take over command of the Section in the event of your becoming a casualty, and that he will write the necessary reports.

1. See that each emplacement has its own allotted number of smoke candles, and that all arrangements for lighting and discharging them are made and thoroughly understood by your men.

1. Arrange your work at all times so as to interfere as little as possible with the movements of infantry in the trenches.

1. Select your own position, which should be near a telephone, and see that all your men know it.

 Ascertain position of Infantry Company Commanders. 

See that arrangements are made for the distribution of zero time from the telephone dug-out to each of your emplacements.

1. See that the watches are evenly distributed along your front, and that they all show the correct official time.  (Note: Infantry time is frequently unreliable.  Corps time should be obtained beforehand through your O.C., Company.)

1. Report direct to the officer conducting the gas operation – the O.C., Special Brigade, if more than one Battalion is engaged – the velocity (in words, not figures) and direction of wind during the time preceding the attack, according to orders which will be issued to you; also any unusual circumstances affecting your work, very briefly.  When everything is in position and ready, report direct to the Officer referred to above – “ALL READY”. 

These reports should be written and handed to the operator at the nearest telephone.  They are to be signed you’re your name and rank. 

The Division in whose front you are working, and the time of dispatch of the telegram, should also be given.  Messages are to be marked “Priority”.

Separate “All ready” reports are to be sent to your Battalion Commander direct.

Specimens of such reports are given below:-

• To Colonel FOULKES         (ii) To Captain KENT

Advanced First Army           3^rd Division

All ready                                 S.W. four

From 2/Lt SMITH                  From 2/Lt JONES

21^st Division                          3^rd Division

2-0 a.m.                                  4-0 a.m.

1. Gas is not to be discharged from any emplacement where, owing to the direction of the wind at the time of discharge, it is clear that our own infantry will suffer.  Section Officers should be prepared to take the responsibility on their own shoulders in this matter, but if there is time they should report the action they propose taking to higher authority.  It should be remembered that at one period of the attack a discharge from certain emplacements may not be possible, but that it may become possible later on.  This can easily be ascertained from the course followed by the smoke.  (See also para.18).

1. Ascertain to the best of your ability the effect of the gas attack from the statements of our own wounded and of prisoners, and also from your own observations, if these can be made without undue risk.  This is of the greatest importance, as the procedure followed in subsequent discharges may have to be modified as the result of the information gained.

1. The greatest care is to be taken with printed Time Tables and written programmes, and they must all be destroyed immediately after the discharge of gas is finished.

1. The Time Table is to be adhered to as far as circumstances permit, but it is important that all the gas should be discharged if possible.  This may involve letting off a larger quantity at the same time towards the close of the operations  to make up for lost time.

All gas must be turned off punctually at scheduled time.

1. See that all valves are shut after discharge is finished, and that nuts, caps, etc., are replaced on cylinders.

• As soon after the battle as possible, send in to the Officer directing the gas operation a very brief report of a general nature on the main features of the attack.  Example:- “Gas discharge very satisfactory.  Ninety per cent emptied.  Infantry took trenches practically no opposition.”  At the earliest opportunity send in a more detailed account of the battle, in which the following points will be dealt with:-
• Front.  Give Division, Brigade and Regiment.
• Name of Officer.
• Wind; direction and velocity.
• Number of cylinders discharged, as well as the total number of

cylinders in your Section front.

• Smoke arrangements and their working.
• Time Table: zero (difficulty in getting, etc.).
• Enemy’s fire experienced, and its effects.
• Effects of gas –
• On our own men.
• On enemy’s fire and resistance.
• Reports of prisoners, wounded etc.
• Personnel: Behaviour; Casualties.
• Apparatus: Removal of; Defects in.

These reports should be sent in through your Company Commander.

• Prepare, as soon as possible, a nominal roll of casualties, and hand it to your Company Commander; also, in a separate report, any recommendations you wish to make.

• See that your men have instructions as to returning to Company billets after the attack, and as to what material they are to bring with them.

• Do not, in conversation with officers and men of other units, refer to any matter connected with the work, organization or stores of the Special Brigade, or to any details regarding preparations for the attack.

• Impress on your men the importance of secrecy at all times: also that if they are taken prisoner they are bound to divulge their rank and name only, and it should be a point of honour with them to give no further information of any kind.

C.W Foulkes

Colonel

O.C., Special Brigade.

April 20, 1916

Headquarters,

Northern Command,

York.

18^th April, 1916.

My dear General,

I cannot congratulate you too heartily on what I may say your long deferred promotion.  May you be a Major General soon.

I think you will be interested to see the enclosed cutting, which will give you some idea as to how we are “pushing” along.  The organisation that I told you about is now beginning to work, and this is one of the results.

Good luck

Yours ever

L.G.J. Scovell

Brigadier General

R.K. Kentish D.S.O.

c/o Headquarters,

General Staff. 3^rd Army.  France.

Same Place

Dear Alan,

In my last letter I think I led you to believe I should be coming home next week.  I was mistaken!

I got my warrant last night about 7 p.m. for Saturday – I was feeling very bucked with the world in general until at 7.30 p.m. along came the inevitable ‘Army Order’ cancelling all leave for an indefinite period.  It is damned rotten – this is the second occasion on which my leave has been snatched away from me at the last moment.

Of course I shall put in an application for a “special” but fear it will not meet with much success for – well it’s getting late in the year and perhaps you can guess the reasons.  I expect I shall have to visit Fritz once more before I see Blighty again.  Damn the war!  Still I got very tight last night which was some consolation though only of a temporary nature.

Very busy getting out a menu for dinner tomorrow.  Must shut up.  Will write later

            Yours

                        Dick.

No envelope with this letter.

On YMCA headed notepaper

Pte J.W. Brotherhood No 4564 5^th Leicesters No 6 Base Depot B.E.F.  France

Apl 14^th 016

Dear Rev Walters

            No doubt you are now waiting to hear from me, & perhaps you are also wondering what has become of me since I last wrote you.

            Today, as you see, finds me in “Sunny France”.  To me, it seems a most wonderful country, its villages & towns are most picturesque, & the people seem to be a most wonderful conglomeration of humanity.

            They vary so in manner & dress & speech, that one hardly seems to realise that the many specimens of France’s people belong to one nation.

            Everywhere one meets with an enthusiasm that must be admired.  As with us, so with the people here: – They are out to win & if enthusiasm plays any part whatever in Victory then we are bound to win.

            Well Sir I must not say much about these things, as our letters of necessity must be short & besides, I am not in England now.  We have the Censor here & this one cannot always write as we would, nor would it be wise if one could.  So far I am very well indeed, & I am very much enjoying my life here.  We get plenty of work here, & we have a stern discipline: but it is needed, especially in a foreign country; it helps one to realise what War means, even before one may reach the seat of war

I trust that you are well, & I shall be pleased to hear from you.  I do pray for you in your work, & trust that your ministry may become more & more successful

From your Sincere Friend

J.W. Brotherhood

Pte J.W. Brotherhood 5^th Leicester

To Rev Walters

In envelope addressed to Rev T.W. Walters, Vicar of Whitwick, Whitwick, Leicester-shire.

Letter postmarked ARMY POST OFFICE S.15  18 16 16

Passed Field Censor 2595 in red hexagonal cachet.

NOTES

on the

CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDER EMPLACEMENTS

——————————————————————————

The type of emplacement constructed must depend on the local conditions.  For example, in dry, firm soil it may be possible to omit wood linings altogether.

It may happen in emergency that there will be no time to make emplacements at all, and the cylinders may have to be placed on the fire-step, and discharged in that position.

Wherever possible, however, the greatest efforts should be made to give the cylinders adequate protection: otherwise, the contemplated use of gas may be disclosed to the enemy by the accidental destruction of a cylinder by a rifle grenade, trench mortar shell, etc., before the commencement of the battle.

The nature of emplacement adopted must be left for local decision: and it will depend on the amount of material available, the nature of the revetment, the width of the trench, the weather conditions, etc.

The accompanying drawings show types of emplacements that have been constructed for recent operations.

CW Foulkes,

Colonel,

O.C., Special Brigade.

April 10, 1916.

Illustrations held with original text.